In this paper we have described the importance of proper rearing of calves and breeding heifers, as it has a significant impact on subsequent milk and meat production. After birth, it is very important that the calf receives adequate amounts of high quality colostrum as soon as possible. Hygiene, cleanliness and biosecurity must be observed when feeding milk replacer and whole milk. At the time of weaning, the calf must have doubled its birth weight. At the time of weaning, the calf must have a well-developed rumen to allow it to consume an adequate amount of calf feed and hay. Housing of calves and heifers in group pens in age-matched groups is also important. Pens and bedding areas should be clean, comfortable and spacious enough to allow them to perform their characteristic behaviours. During the growth period of calves and heifers, their development, growth and health must be monitored regularly. Special attention must be paid to the breeding heifers, because they are the future dairy cows. We must ensure that they are fed a suitable ration and raised so that they are mature enough for their first insemination at the age of 14 to 16 months. The goal of every breeder is to have breeding heifers calve for the first time at 24 to 26 months of age and later produce plenty of good quality milk and healthy, vital calves. Unfortunately, mistakes in breeding heifers cannot be corrected later. Therefore, we must be extra vigilant in raising healthy and vital calves and breeding heifers from birth to first calving. Keeping heifers on pasture is the most cost-effective and best method for developing the animal into an excellent dairy cow.
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