The main research problem of our thesis is focused on the issue of »actuality« and the related relevance to the time we live in. Our starting point is the work of Michel Foucault and his answer to the question »What is the Enlightenment?«, which is related to the problem of our »actuality« and the posture of modernity. The main aim of the thesis is to modernize Foucault's reflections on the Enlightenment and to conceptually relate them to the concepts »arrogance of philosophy« and »subjectivity in language«. The »arrogance of philosophy« refers to speaking on the behalf of others, the appropriation of the other's speech, which is juxtaposed with Foucault's historical-critical ontology of ourselves, which is the search for one's own place of utterance, the struggle for one's own speech. »Subjectivity in language« provides the basis for Foucault's »we«: at the same time as an emphasis on the temporal aspect in questioning one's own actuality, for what matters most is the emphasis on the present, and the subject's involvement in this activity; we, who are both agents of the process of Enlightenment and actors in it. The research is divided into two parts: in the first part we analyse Foucault's three texts on the Enlightenment, and in the second part we extend the analysis to the possible connections to the problem of actuality.
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