Afghanistan is one of the most dangerous and terrorist-threatened countries in the world. After decades of armed conflicts, there are still many terrorist groups in the country that threaten both Afghan national and international security. This Master's thesis, using the case study method, focuses on the connection of the armed conflict in Afghanistan with the development and spread of Islamic terrorism both within the country and outside of it. The analysis is divided into several parts, each of which analyzes the key factors, the actors involved and their characteristics, peculiarities and interconnections throughout the different periods of the Afghan conflict, all the way from the Soviet invasion in 1979 to the withdrawal of American forces in mid-2021. The main purpose is to use the case of Afghanistan to offer at least a partial insight into how an armed conflict in an individual country can affect the appearance or increase of the terrorist threat at the national and international level. In Afghanistan, it is thus possible to identify the foreign military presence as one of the main reasons for the creation of conditions suitable for the emergence of terrorism, as well as for its subsequent spread. In addition to the simple need for survival, the development of terrorist activities was most influenced by the development of technology. The combination of economic and social consequences of armed conflict, lack of political stability and the spread of extremist ideology can quickly lead to the emergence of terrorism in a country.
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