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Uravnavanje izražanja nekaterih peroksidaz s transkripcijskimi faktorji TGA pri odzivu krompirja na virusno okužbo
ID Jaklič, Barbara (Author), ID Coll, Anna (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Rastline so zaradi svoje sesilnosti neprestano izpostavljene različnim vrstam biotskega in abiotskega stresa. Bolezni, ki jih patogeni povzročajo pri ekonomsko pomembnih poljščinah, imajo lahko uničujoč vpliv na svetovno pridelavo hrane. Eden najbolj škodljivih in razširjenih rastlinskih patogenov je krompirjev virus Y (PVY), ki povzroča ogromne izgube pridelka po vsem svetu. Mehanizmi obrambe rastlin pred okužbami s patogeni so dobro raziskani pri modelnih rastlinah kot je Arabidopsis thaliana, medtem ko je raziskav na drugih rastlinah precej manj. Zato smo se pri magistrskem delu osredotočili na uravnavanje transkripcije pri odzivu na virusno okužbo krompirja (Solanum tuberosum, L.), ki je za rižem, pšenico in koruzo četrta najpomembnejša poljščina na svetu. Rastline so za obrambo pred patogeni razvile večravenski obrambni odziv, ki zajema z vzorci izzvano imunost (PTI) ter z efektorji izzvano imunost (ETI). Kljub različnim načinom prepoznave tako PTI kot tudi ETI izzoveta aktivacijo MAP-kinaznih signalnih kaskad, spremembe v ravni kalcijevih ionov, nastanek reaktivnih kisikovih zvrsti, spremembe uravnavanja transkripcije in spremembe v hormonskem ravnovesju. V magistrski nalogi smo se osredotočili na skupino transkripcijskih faktorjev TGA (TGAGC vezavni protein), ki jih uvrščamo v družino proteinov z bazičnim zvitjem levcinske zadrge (bZIP). Na Nacionalnem inštitutu za biologijo nedavno odkrit skrajšan transkripcijski faktor mini-TGA StTGA2.1 za razliko od ostalih predstavnikov skupine ne vsebuje bZIP DNA-vezavne domene. S testom prehodne aktivacije na rastlinah Nicotiana benthamiana smo dokazali, da se homodimeri StTGA2.1 zaradi odsotnosti DNA vezavne domene ne morejo sami po sebi vezati na tarčne regije DNA, lahko pa tvorijo heterodimere z drugimi StTGA iz skupine II, natančneje StTGA2.3. S tem uravnavajo aktivnost tarčnega promotorja za peroksidazo StPRX07 iz skupine peroksidaz III, ki sodelujejo pri nastajanju reaktivnih kisikovih zvrsti pri obrambnem odzivu rastline. Povezava med okužbo krompirja s PVY in regulacijo s transkripcijskimi faktorji StTGA zaenkrat ni povsem pojasnjena, vendar rezultati magistrske naloge predstavljajo pomemben doprinos k razumevanju molekulskih mehanizmov omenjenih transkripcijskih faktorjev. Poleg tega pa je magistrska naloga tudi dober primer uporabe testa prehodne aktivacije za preučevanje kompleksnih interakcij med proteini in DNA.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:krompir, imunski odziv, PRX, PVY, TGA
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-152103 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:174553603 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:03.11.2023
Views:642
Downloads:103
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Transcriptional Regulation of Several Peroxidases with TGA Transcription factors in Potato in Response to Viral Infection
Abstract:
Owing to their sessile nature plants are constantly in danger of different types of biotic and abiotic stress. Crop diseases caused by different pathogens can have devastating effects on the world food production. One of the main and widely spread crop pathogens is the potato virus Y (PVY), which causes vast crop losess all over the globe. Plants defense mechanisms against pathogens have been thoroughly studied in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, while we still lack a lot of information about mechanisms in other plants. Hence, our main goal of the thesis was to study transcriptional regulation of potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) in response to viral infection, since potato is considered one of the main crops, following rice, wheat and maize. During the evolution platns have developed a multilayered response to pathogens, comprising of pattern triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Despite differences in the recognition mechanisms, both PTI and ETI can trigger activation of MAP-kinase cascade signaling, alterations in calcium levels, reactive oxygen species production, transcriptional regulation and hormonal changes. Our thesis focuses mainly on a group of TGA (TGACG-binding proteins) transcription factors, belonging to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein family. Contrary to other members of the group, at National institute of biology recently identified mini-TGA StTGA2.1, lacks most of the bZIP DNA-binding domain. Therefore, we performed transactivation studies on N. benthamiana plants, confirming that StTGA2.1 is unable to directly bind DNA target. However, it can regulate StPRX07 promoter activity by forming heterodimers with other StTGAs II (StTGA2.3) and thus likely to contribute to ROS production as StPRX07 belongs to the class III of peroxidases, also known to be included in plant immune response. There is no clear connection between PVY infection StTGA transcription factors yet known. However, results of the thesis contribute to better understanding of molecular mechanisms of those transcription factors as well as show the importance of transactivation assay in studying complex protein-DNA interaction.

Keywords:potato, immune response, PRX, PVY, TGA

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