Požarna varnost Športne dvorane Stopiče

Brulc, Rok (author), Schnabl, Simon (mentor)

V magistrskem delu sem preučil dva evakuacijska scenarija in pet požarnih scenarijev v simulaciji popolne evakuacije polno zasedene Športne dvorane Stopiče. Zanimal me je čas, potreben za pot do varnega mesta zadnje osebe, ki zapusti objekt ob polni zasedenosti športne dvorane, podaljšanje oziroma skrajšanje tega časa, če osebe ne morejo uporabiti najbolj uporabljenega izhoda, upočasnitve na evakuacijski poti in izbira izhoda. Zanimal me je tudi vpliv produktov gorenja na zadnje osebe, ki so zapustile opazovana območja, med popolno evakuacijo iz polno zasedenega športnega objekta zaradi požara na levi strani tribune. Analize evakuacijskih in požarnih scenarijev sem izvedel s pomočjo računalniških simulacij v programski opremi Pathfinder in PyroSim ter strokovne literature. Sprva sem objekt Športne dvorane Stopiče s pomočjo AutoCad-a prenesel v 3D računalniški prostor. 3D objekt sem nato prenesel v Pathfinder, s pomočjo katerega sem izvedel dva evakuacijska scenarija. Prvemu evakuacijskemu scenariju sem nato dodal podatke o požaru, ki sem jih dobil s pomočjo PyroSim-a, in izvedel pet požarnih scenarijev. Izkazalo se je, da med popolno evakuacijo iz polno zasedene Športne dvorane Stopiče z vsemi odprtimi izhodi skoraj polovica vseh uporabnikov zapusti objekt skozi enega najožjih izhodov v športni dvorani. Zanimivo je, da se čas, potreben za pot do varnega mesta zadnje osebe, ki zapusti objekt, in število upočasnitev zmanjšata v primeru, da je najbolj uporabljen izhod zaprt. S 30 sekundnim podaljševanjem časa pred začetkom umika se koncentraciji CO2 in CO za zadnje osebe, ki so zapustile tri obravnavana območja (območja upočasnitev v bližini požara med evakuacijo vseh oseb iz objekta), na dveh od treh območjih poveča. V enemu od območji se, zaradi podaljšanja časa pred začetkom umika, poveča tudi ocena posledic izpostavljenosti CO2 na osebo, ki je zadnja zapustila obravnavano območje. Le-ta je pri času pred začetkom umika 120 sekund izpostavljena 2921 ppm CO2, kar ima po oceni za posledico pojav blage zaspanosti in oteženo sprejemanje odločitev. Vidljivost se za zadnji osebi, ki sta zapustili dve obravnavani območji v bližini požara s 30 sekundnim podaljševanjem časa pred začetkom umika, zmanjšuje. Vidljivost za zadnji osebi, ki sta zapustili obravnavani območji pri času pred začetkom umika 120 sekund, znaša 9 metrov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Športna dvorana, požar, evakuacija, čas
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152013
• COBISS.SI-ID: 174538243
• Publication date in RUL: 27.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Fire safety of the Stopiče Sports Hall

Abstract

In my master's thesis, I studied two evacuation scenarios and five fire scenarios in the simulation of a complete evacuation of the fully occupied Sports Hall Stopiče. I was interested in the time required for the journey to the safe place of the last person who leaves the facility when the sports hall is fully occupied, the extension or shortening of this time if people cannot use the most used exit, the slowing down on the evacuation route and the choice of exit. I was also interested in the impact of combustion products on the last people who left the observed areas, during a complete evacuation from a fully occupied sports facility due to a fire on the left side of the stands. I performed the analyzes of evacuation and fire scenarios with the help of computer simulations in Pathfinder and PyroSim software, as well as professional literature. At first, I transferred the Stopiče Sports Hall object to the 3D computer space with the help of AutoCad. I then transferred the 3D object into Pathfinder, with the help of which I executed two evacuation scenarios. I then added the fire data I obtained using PyroSim to the first evacuation scenario and ran five fire scenarios. It turned out that during a complete evacuation from the fully occupied Stopiče Sports Hall with all exits open, almost half of all users leave the facility through one of the narrowest exits in the sports hall. Interestingly, the time it takes to get to safety for the last person to leave the facility and the number of decelerations are reduced if the most used exit is closed. With a 30-second extension of the time before the start of withdrawal, the concentrations of CO2 and CO for the last people who left the three considered areas (deceleration zones near the fire during the evacuation of all people from the building) in two of the three areas increase. In one of the areas, due to the extension of the time before the start of withdrawal, the assessment of the consequences of CO2 exposure on the person who was the last to leave the area in question also increases. The latter is exposed to 2921 ppm of CO2 at 120 seconds before withdrawal, which is estimated to result in the appearance of mild drowsiness and difficulty in making decisions. Visibility decreases for the last persons to leave the two considered areas near the fire with a 30-second extension of time before the retreat begins. Visibility for the last two persons, who left the area in question 120 seconds before the start of the retreat, is 9 meters.

• Keywords: Sports hall, fire, evacuation, time