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Analiza glikokaliksa žilnega endotelija pri težki preeklampsiji
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Mugerli, Sara
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Lučovnik, Miha
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Zupančič, Daša
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Abstract
UVOD. Endotelijski glikokaliks je z ogljikovimi hidrati bogata tanka plast, ki obdaja žilno steno na notranji – lumenski strani. Okvara glikokaliksa je bila dokazana pri številnih kritično bolnih pacientih. Obstajajo posredni dokazi, da bi bil razkroj endotelijskega glikokaliksa lahko pomemben dejavnik v patofiziologiji preeklampsije. Namen naše raziskave je bila ultrastukturna analiza endotelijskega glikokaliksa s pomočjo transmisijske elektronske mikroskopije in primerjava njegove količine v žilah omentuma in popkovnice med nosečnicami s težko preeklampsijo in dvema kontrolnima skupinama. Med temi skupinami smo primerjali tudi količine dveh najpomembnejših gradnikov glikokaliksa (sindekana-1 in heparan sulfata), encimov endotelijske in inducibilne sintaze dušikovega oksida ter razklopitvenega proteina UCP2 METODE. V raziskavo smo vključili nosečnice s težko preeklampsijo, pri katerih je bil predviden carski rez. V prvi kontrolni skupini so bile zdrave nosečnice z elektivnim carskim rezom ob roku, v drugi kontrolni skupini pa nenoseče ženske, ki so imele opravljeno laparoskopsko operacijo zaradi benignega ginekološkega obolenja. V vseh treh skupinah smo med posegom opravili biopsijo omentuma. Pri nosečnicah smo vzeli tudi vzorec popkovnice. Za transmisijsko elektronsko mikroskopijo smo takoj po odvzemu opravili perfuzijo z rutenij rdečim. Količino endotelijskega glikokaliksa smo merili kot površino, izmerjeno na elektronskih mikrografijah. Vzorce smo pripravili tudi za imunohistokemijo in prenos western. Določali smo tudi razlike med koncentracijami heparan sulfata v serumih zdravih nosečnic in nosečnic s težko preeklampsijo. REZULTATI. V raziskavo smo vključili 45 preiskovank. V analizo elektronskih mikrografij smo vključili devet preiskovank iz vsake skupine, pri katerih je bila perfuzija ustrezna in glikokaliks dobro ohranjen. Dokazali smo statistično značilne razlike v količini endotelijskega glikokaliksa v žilah omentuma med vsemi tremi skupinami (p = 0,018). Statistično značilna je bila tudi razlika med nosečnicami s težko preeklampsijo in nenosečimi kontrolami (p = 0,021). Prisoten je bil tudi trend zmanjšanja glikokaliksa pri nosečnicah s preeklampsijo v primerjavi z zdravimi nosečnicami, ki pa ni bil statistično značilen. Med popkovnicami zdravih nosečnic in nosečnic s težko preeklampsijo nismo odkrili razlik v količini glikokaliksa. Z analizo izražanja sindekana-1, heparan sulfata, endotelijske in inducibilne sintaze dušikovega oksida ter UCP2 nismo uspeli dokazati statistično značilnih razlik med skupinami. Prav tako ni bilo razlik v koncentracijah heparan sulfata v serumih zdravih nosečnic in nosečnic s težko preeklampsijo. ZAKLJUČEK. V raziskavi smo s perfuzijo z rutenij rdečim in transmisijsko elektronsko mikroskopijo izvedli ultrastrukturno analizo endotelijskega glikokaliksa v človeškem omentumu in popkovnici. Naša najpomembnejša ugotovitev je statistično značilna razlika v količini glikokaliksa med tremi skupinami preiskovank in statistično značilna razlika med nosečnicami s preeklampsijo in nenosečimi kontrolami. Naši rezultati dokazujejo, da ima zmanjšana količina endotelijskega glikokaliksa pri nosečnicah pomembno vlogo v patofiziologiji težke preeklampsije.
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
težka preeklampsija
,
endotelijski glikokaliks
,
transmisijska elektronska mikroskopija
,
rutenij rdeče
Work type:
Doctoral dissertation
Organization:
MF - Faculty of Medicine
Year:
2023
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-151838
Publication date in RUL:
22.10.2023
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912
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81
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Language:
English
Title:
Analysis of vascular endothelial glycocalyx in severe preeclampsia
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION. Endothelial glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich layer lining the luminal side of blood vessels. Its damage was demonstrated in different groups of critically ill patients. Indirect evidence showed that endothelial glycocalyx degradation might be an important factor in pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The aim of our study was to demonstrate endothelial glycocalyx by transmission electron microscopy and to compare its amount in the omentum vessels of pregnant patients with severe preeclampsia and two control groups. We also wanted to compare amounts of glycocalyx constituents (syndecan-1 and heparan sulphate) as well as expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases and uncoupling protein UCP2 between groups. METHODS. Patients with severe preeclampsia who had a caesarean section were included in the study. Controls were healthy pregnant women at term with an elective caesarean section and non-pregnant women of reproductive age who underwent laparoscopy for benign conditions. We performed omentum biopsies in all three groups and harvested a sample of the umbilical cord in preeclampsia group and healthy pregnancy group. Samples were prepared for transmission electron microscopy using perfusion with ruthenium red We measured the amount of endothelial glycocalyx as the surface of glycocalyx observed with transmission electron microscope. We also prepared samples for immunohistochemistry and Western blot and measured heparan sulphate levels in serums of healthy pregnant women and patients with severe preeclampsia. RESULTS. We included 45 patients in the study. There were no differences in the expression of syndecan-1, heparan sulphate, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases and UCP2. In the analysis of electron micrographs, we included nine patients from each group. We demonstrated statistically significant difference in the amount of endothelial glycocalyx among the three groups (p = 0.018). Glycocalyx was significantly reduced in severe preeclampsia compared to non-pregnant controls (p = 0.021). A trend towards reduced glycocalyx amount in preeclampsia vs. pregnant controls and pregnant controls vs. non-pregnant controls was observed but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION. In our study we successfully visualized the endothelial glycocalyx using perfusion with ruthenium red and transmission electron microscopy. Our most important finding is the statistically significant difference in glycocalyx amount between three study groups. Compared to non-pregnant controls the endothelial glycocalyx was significantly reduced in pregnant patients with severe preeclampsia. Our results support the role of decreased endothelial glycocalyx amount in the pathophysiology of severe preeclampsia.
Keywords:
Severe preeclampsia
,
endothelial glycocalyx
,
transmission electron microscopy
,
ruthenium red
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