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Test beam studies of SpaCal prototype calorimeter module with tungsten absorber
ID Bordelius, Aleksandar (Author), ID Dolenec, Rok (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Roloff, Philipp Gerhard (Co-mentor)

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Abstract
The electromagnetic calorimeter, ECAL, is a sub-detector of the general-purpose \ flavor physics experiment, LHCb, operating at the LHC accelerator at the European Organization for Nuclear Research - CERN. Since one-third of heavy flavor decay products are $\pi_{0}$ mesons or other neutral particles decaying to photons in a wide energy range from a few GeV to several 100 GeV, a high-performance electromagnetic calorimeter is essential in LHCb. A scintillating sampling calorimeter has been chosen as a good compromise between energy resolution, ability to detect compact electromagnetic showers, fast time response, and moderate price. In 2022, a significant upgrade to the LHCb ECAL system has been proposed, so-called Upgrade II, which includes the upgrade of other sub-detectors of the LHCb experiment. At Upgrade II conditions, the LHCb detector will take data at a much higher luminosity as of now, of up to 1.5$\times$10$^{34} \ \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. This puts new severe requirements on the calorimeter, in particular, the need for better granularity and time response of O(10) ps. As one of the candidates for the Upgrade II of the LHCb ECAL, a new type of Spaghetti Calorimeter (SpaCal) is being developed. In this thesis, I study the performance of a module-size SpaCal prototype with a tungsten absorber and plastic scintillating fibers through test beams at CERN and DESY and through simulation validations. The prototype achieves an energy resolution of $\sim$ $9.75\% / \sqrt{E} \oplus 1.26\%$ and a time resolution of $\sim$ 20 ps at 100 GeV. The time response is further studied, and I show it to be homogeneous over a large area within a calorimeter cell.

Language:English
Keywords:electromagnetic calorimeter, tungsten absorber, picosecond time resolution, test beam studies
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-151782 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:168992003 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:20.10.2023
Views:314
Downloads:19
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Študije ”SpaCal” prototipnega kalorimetrskega modula iz volframovega absorberja v testnem žarku pospešenih delcev
Abstract:
Elektromagnetni kalorimeter ECAL je pod-detektor univerzalnega detektorja za fiziko okusov LHCb, ki deluje na pospeševalniku LHC v Evropskem laboratoriju za fiziko delcev - CERN. Ena tretjina vseh razpadnih produktov delcev s težjimi kvarki je $\pi_{0}$ mezonov oziroma nevtralnih delcev, po razpadu katerih nastanejo gama fotoni. Ti fotoni imajo energije od nekaj GeV do več 100 GeV, zato je visoko-zmogljivi elektromagnetni kalorimeter ključnega pomena za LHCb eksperiment. Vzorčevalni tip kalorimetra je bil izbran kot najboljši kandidat in kompromis med energijsko ločljivostjo, zmožnostjo zaznavanja kompaktnih elektromagnetnih plazov, hitrim časovnim odzivom in sprejemljivo ceno. Leta 2022 je bila predlagana pomembna nadgradnja LHCb ECAL sistema, tako imenovana nadgradja II, ki vključuje tudi nadgradnjo ostalih pod-detektorjev LHCb eksperimenta. Po nadgradnji II bo LHCb detektor zajemal podatke pri veliko višji luminoznosti kot dosedaj do okoli 1.5$\times$10$^{34} \ \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. To postavlja nove stroge zahteve za kalorimeter, predvsem potrebo po boljši granularnosti in časovnem odzivu velikostnega reda nekaj 10 ps. Kot eden izmed kandidatov za nadgradnjo II LHCb ECAL se razvija novi tip SpaCal (angl. \textit{Spaghetti Calorimeter}) kalorimetra. V tem magistrskem delu preučujem zmogljivost SpaCal prototipnega modula z volframovim absorberjem in plastičnimi scintilacijskimi vlakni na podlagi meritev, zajetih v testnem žarku pospešenih delcev, dostopnim v CERN-u in DESY-u, in dodatno validacijo s simulacijami. Prototip doseže energijsko ločljivost $\sim$ $9.75\% / \sqrt{E} \oplus 1.26\%$ in časovno ločljivost $\sim$ 20 ps pri 100 GeV. Z dodatno študijo časovnega odziva pokažem, da je časovni odziv homogen po večjem območju celice kalorimetra.

Keywords:elektromagnetni kalorimeter, volframov absorber, pikosekundna časovna ločljivost, študije v testnem žarku pospešenih delcev

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