Variabilnost frekvence srčnega utripa v obdobju intenzivnega trenažnega programa mladih športnikov : diplomsko delo

Imperl, Nina (author), Potočnik, Nejka (mentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Za izboljšanje telesne pripravljenosti aktivnih športnikov mora biti trenažni program pravilno strukturiran, ob nasprotnem primeru lahko vodi v pretreniranost. Spremljanje variabilnosti srčne frekvence po submaksimalnem testu stopenjske obremenitve bi lahko bil uporabno orodje za ugotavljanje odziva telesa na trenažni program in potencialne pretreniranosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti povezavo med variabilnostjo srčne frekvence pred in po submaksimalnem testu stopenjske obremenitve in intenziteto vadbe pri aktivnih mladih tekačih na dolge proge. Metode dela: V raziskavi smo uporabili neinvazivno metodo merjenja frekvence srčnega utripa s pomočjo elektrokardiografije. V raziskavi je sodelovalo sedem mladih aktivnih tekačev. Pri vsakem smo štirikrat izvedli submaksimalni test stopnjevane obremenitve na sobnem kolesu do 85% maksimalne srčne frekvence. Test je bil sestavljen iz 3 faz: 1) 5-minutno mirovanje, 2) stopnjevano submaksimalno kolesarjenje, 3) pasivno okrevanje v sedečem položaju. Merili smo fSU, RMSSD, HF in LH/HF. Statistično smo analizirali spremembe HR, RMSSD, HF in LH/HF v prvih treh minutah mirovanja in zadnjih treh minutah okrevanja ter spremembe primerjali z intenzivnostjo vadbe ocenjene z metodo vadbenega dražljaja (MVD) po modelu Banister in po modificiranih modelih z upoštevanjem dvodnevne količine vadb (MVD2), mirovanja (MVDm) in subjektivno oceno napora po Borgu (LONt). S koeficientom spreminjanja merjenih količin smo sledili spreminjanju fiziološkega odziva na submaksimalni test stopenjske obremenitve med trenažnim programom. Rezultati: Vse merjene fiziološke količine so se tekom trenažnega programa spreminjale. Našli smo statistično pomembno linearno povezavo med ?RMSSDpo in ?MVD (p = 0,047, r = -0,386), ?MVDm (p = 0,029, r = -0,397) ter ?LONt (p = 0,021,r = -0,418). Razprava in zaključek: Z rezultati raziskave smo ugotovili, da se variabilnost srčne frekvence po submaksimalnem testu stopenjske obremenitve spreminja in da je ?RMSSDpo statistično pomembno povezana z določenimi ocenami intenzivnosti vadbe. Uporaba variabilnost frekvence srčnega utripa bi morda lahko bila uporabno orodje za spremljanje odziva telesa na trenažni program in pokazatelj morebitne pretreniranosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, variabilnost frekvence srčnega utripa, avtonomna regulacija srca, submaksimalni test stopenjske obremenitve, mladi športniki, pretreniranost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Imperl]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 30 str., [5] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151696
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 168691459
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Heart rate variability during an intensive training program in young athletes : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: To improve the fitness of active athletes, a training program must be properly structured, otherwise it may lead to overtraining. Monitoring heart rate variability after a submaximal graded load test could be a useful tool to determine the body's response to a training program and potential overtraining. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to determine the relationship between heart rate variability before and after a submaximal graded load test and exercise intensity in active young long-distance runners. Methods: In this study we used a non-invasive method of heart rate measurement by electrocardiography. Seven young active runners participated in the study. Submaximal graded load test on an indoor cycle was done up to 85% of maximal heart rate and performed four times. The test consisted of 3 phases: 1) 5-min rest, 2) graded submaximal cycling, 3) passive recovery in a sitting position. We measured fSU, RMSSD, HF and LH/HF. Changes in fSU, RMSSD, HF and LH/HF during the first 3 minutes of rest and the last 3 minutes of recovery were statistically analysed and compared with exercise intensity estimated by the training stimulus method (MVD) according to the Banister model and according to the modified models considering 2-day training volume (MVD2), rest (MVDm) and subjective Borg rating of effort (LONt). The variation coefficient of the measured volumes was used to track the change in physiological response to the submaximal graded load test during the training process. Results: All measured physiological quantities varied during the training program. We found a statistically significant linear association between 䀆RMSSDpo and 䀆MVD (p = 0.047, r = -0.386), 䀆MVDm (p = 0.029, r = -0.397) and 䀆LONt (p = 0.021, r = -0.418). Discussion and Conclusion: Our results show that heart rate variability varies after submaximal graded load test and that 䀆RMSSDpo is statistically significantly associated with certain training intensity ratings. Using heart rate variability as a tool to monitor the body's response to training program and as an indicator of potential overtraining may be useful.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, heart rate variability, autonomic regulation of the heart, submaximal graded load test, young athletes, overtraining