Analiza medsebojnih vplivov spanja in telesne dejavnosti pri mladostnikih : magistrsko delo

Jemec Kocjan, Kristjan (author), Sember, Vedrana (mentor)

Telesna dejavnost in spanje sta temeljna dejavnika pri ohranjanju človeškega zdravja, saj omogočata optimalni celotni razvoj človeka. Glavna cilja magistrskega dela sta bila opredelitev povezav med spanjem in telesno dejavnostjo mladostnikov ter ugotoviti, kako telesna nedejavnost in dlje časa trajajoča zmerna – do živahno intenzivna telesna dejavnost vplivata na spalne navade mladostnikov. Vzorec preizkušancev je sestavljalo 173 mladostnikov, starih 15 let. Preizkušanci so obiskovali 1. letnik šestih različnih slovenskih gimnazijskih, strokovno-tehniških in poklicnih srednješolskih programov. Zaradi vnaprej postavljenih kriterijev nosljivosti merilnika (vsaj 2 dni med tednom in 1 dan med vikendom), so bili v analizo vključeni podatki 105 srednješolcev, od tega 51 fantov in 54 deklet. Telesno dejavnost in spanje smo izmerili s pomočjo večsenzorske naprave SenseWear Pro3. Količino sedenja smo določili pri meji porabe energije med 1 in 1,5 MET; za mejno vrednost zmerno – do živahno intenzivne telesne dejavnosti pa smo določili mejo pri porabi energije 4 MET. Za priporočljivo vrednost spanja smo določili 420 min/dan. Fantje so bili v povprečju skozi teden (M = 121,30, n = 46) statistično značilno (z = - 4,91, p = 0,000) več telesno dejavni v zmerni – do živahno intenzivni telesni dejavnosti kot dekleta (M = 63,52, n = 51). Kar 88 % fantov in 55 % deklet je dosegalo priporočljivo vrednost 60 minut telesne dejavnosti dnevno. Mladostniki v povprečju manj časa spijo v času šolskih dni (M = 377,40; SD = 56,54) kot med vikendom (M = 443,64; SD = 65,38); t(93) = - 9,29, p = 0,000). V povprečju so dekleta (M =418,82; SD = 43,89) spala dlje kot fantje (M = 380,56; SD = 45,80), t(92) = 4,13, p = 0,000. Med tednom je samo 27 % deklet in 12 % fantov spalo 7 ur na noč. Mladostniki (M = 415,85, SD = 45,58), ki so bili telesno dejavni skladno s priporočili za telesno dejavnost, so spali manj kot mladostniki (M = 395,15, SD = 48,68), ki niso bili dovolj telesno dejavni, t(92) = 1,92, p = 0,058, vendar razlike niso bile statistično značilne. Prav tako so se kot statistično neznačilne F(3, 90) = 1,07; p = 0,367) izkazale razlike povprečnih vrednosti količine spanja glede na kvartil časa, preživetega sede. Ključni ugotovitvi naše študije sta, da nismo ugotovili neposrednih povezav med obsegom telesne dejavnosti in količino spanja ter med obsegom sedenja in količino spanja tako pri fantih kot pri dekletih. Omejitev naših izsledkov bi lahko bil sorazmerno velik delež telesno zadostno dejavnih mladostnikov, zato za nadaljnje raziskovanje tega problema priporočamo bolj uravnotežen vzorec glede na telesno dejavnost merjencev.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: telesna dejavnost, otroci, mladostniki, spanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151665
• COBISS.SI-ID: 173234947
• Publication date in RUL: 15.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of the interaction between sleep and physical activity in adolescents

Abstract

Physical activity and sleep are fundamental factors in the maintenance of human health, as they are prerequisites for the optimal holistic development of the human being. The main aims of the Master's thesis were to determine the relationship between sleep and physical activity in adolescents and how sedentary and prolonged moderate-to-vigorous physical activity affect the adolescents' sleep patterns. The sample consisted of 173 adolescents aged 15. The subjects attended the first year of six different Slovenian four-year grammar and vocational secondary school programmes. Due to the pre-set criteria for wearability of the device (at least 2 days during the week and 1 day at the weekend), data from 105 secondary school students, 51 boys and 54 girls, were included in the analysis. Physical activity and sleep were measured using the SenseWear Pro3, a multi-sensor accelerometer device. The amount of sedentary time was set at an energy expenditure of 1 to 1.5 MET, and the threshold for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was set at an energy expenditure of 4 MET. The recommended amount of sleep was set at 420 min/day. Boys were statistically significantly (z = - 4.91, p = 0.000) more active in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than girls (M = 63.52, n = 51) on average over the week (M = 121.30, n = 46). Up to 88 % of boys and 55 % of girls met the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity per day. On average, adolescents slept less on school days (M = 377.40; SD = 56.54) than on weekends (M = 443.64; SD = 65.38); t(93) = - 9.29, p = 0.000). On average, girls (M = 418.82; SD = 43.89) slept longer than boys (M = 380.56; SD = 45.80); t(92) = 4.13, p = 0.000. During the week, only 27 % of girls and 12 % of boys slept 7 hours per night. Adolescents (M = 415.85, SD = 45.58) who were physically active according to the physical activity recommendations slept less than adolescents (M = 395.15, SD = 48.68) who were not sufficiently physically active, t(92) = 1.92, p = 0.058. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, differences in mean amount of sleep per quartile of sedentary time were not statistically significant, F(3, 90) = 1.07, p = 0.367. No direct associations were found between the amount of physical activity and the amount of sleep, or between the amount of sitting and the amount of sleep in boys and girls. A limitation of our findings may be the relatively high proportion of adolescents who are sufficiently physically active. We recommend a more balanced sample in terms of physical activity to further investigate this issue.

• Keywords: physical activity, adolescents, children, sleep