Venska trombembolija pri ženskah v rodni dobi in vloga babice: pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Struna, Suzana (author), Lučovnik, Miha (mentor), Vižintin Cuderman, Tjaša (comentor), Mivšek, Ana Polona (reviewer)

Uvod: Nosečnice imajo petkrat povečano tveganje za nastanek globoke venske tromboze ali pljučne embolije, ki ju s skupnim imenom označujemo kot vensko trombembolijo. Tveganje za nastanek venske trombembolije je prisotno od prvega trimestra pa do 4 do 6 tednov po porodu. Globoka venska tromboza je potencialno, pljučna embolija pa je zagotovo življenje ogrožajoča za mamo in otroka. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda literature raziskati vlogo babice pri zdravstveni obravnavi in zdravstveni vzgoji ženske z akutno vensko trombembolijo. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil izvesti sistematični pregled strokovne literature iz omenjene tematike. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom in analizo strokovne in znanstvene angleške ter slovenske literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo od aprila 2020 do maja 2023. Literaturo smo iskali po naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: MedLine, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest ter Wiley Online Library. Literaturo smo iskali tudi v iskalniku Google books. Iskanje literature je bilo omejeno na leta od 2010 do vključno 2023. Rezultati: V Sloveniji na letni ravni za vensko trombembolijo zboli okrog 3000 ljudi. Postavitev diagnoze v nosečnosti je težavno, ker so znaki globoke venske tromboze in pljučne embolije podobni simptomom nosečnosti. Pri diagnosticiranju smo omejeni, ker diagnostična orodja niso testirana na nosečnicah, poleg tega pa se moramo izogibati obsevanju. Za zdravljenje venske trombembolije se v nosečnosti in po porodu uporabljajo antikoagulacijska zdravila, ki ne prehajajo skozi posteljico oziroma ne prehajajo v materino mleko. Razprava in zaključek: Ozaveščenost javnosti, tudi nosečnic in porodnic, o akutni venski trombemboliji je zelo nizka v primerjavi z ostalimi boleznimi. Večjo ozaveščenost lahko dosežemo z različnimi izobraževalnimi gradivi (video posnetki, spletne strani, aplikacije za pametne telefone, zloženke ...) ter z neposrednim izobraževanjem (predavanja, individualni posveti). Medicinske sestre in babice izobražujejo nosečnice in porodnice o simptomih in znakih venske trombembolije ter o tem, kdaj in kako je potrebno poiskati medicinsko pomoč. Nosečnicam in porodnicam, ki prejemajo antikoagulacijska zdravila, svetujejo o antikoagulantnem zdravljenju, stranskih učinkih, součinkovanju z drugimi zdravili, hrano in alkoholom ter o prilagoditvah življenjskega sloga v času antikoagulacijskega zdravljenja (šport, potovanja). V času nosečnosti lahko s promocijo zdravja medicinske sestre in babice ženske motivirajo tudi k bolj zdravemu življenjskemu slogu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, babištvo, venski trombembolizem, globoka venska tromboza, pljučna embolija, nosečnost, porod, babice, medicinske sestre
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Struna]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 59 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151598
• UDC: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 168035587
• Publication date in RUL: 12.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Venous thrombembolism in women of childbearing age and the role of the midwife: a literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnant women have a fivefold increased risk of developing deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, which are referred to collectively as venous thromboembolism. The risk of developing venous thromboembolism is present from the first trimester and up to 4 - 6 weeks after delivery. Deep venous thrombosis is potentially, and pulmonary embolism is definitely life-threatening for mother and child. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis was to investigate the role of midwives in the medical treatment and medical education of women with venous thromboembolism based on a literature review. The aim of the thesis was to carry out a systematic review of the professional literature on the mentioned topic. Work methods: A descriptive work method was used with a review and analysis of professional and scientific English and Slovenian literature. The literature search took place from April 2020 to May 2023. The literature was searched in the following databases: MedLine, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Wiley Online Library. We also searched for literature in the Google books search engine. The literature search was limited to the period from 2010 to 2023 inclusive. Results: In Slovenia, 3,000 people fall ill with venous thrombosis annually. Making a diagnosis during pregnancy is difficult because the signs and symptoms of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are similar to pregnancy symptoms. We are limited in diagnosis because diagnostic tools have not been tested on pregnant women, and we must also avoid radiation. For the treatment of venous thromboembolism, anticoagulant drugs are used during pregnancy and after childbirth, which do not pass through the placenta or into breast milk. Discussion and conclusion: Public awareness, including pregnant and parturient women, about acute venous thromboembolism is very low compared to other diseases. Greater awareness can be achieved with various educational materials (videos, websites, smartphone applications, leaflets...) and with direct education (lectures, individual consultations). Nurses and midwives educate pregnant women and women in labor about the symptoms and signs of venous thromboembolism and when and how to seek medical help. Pregnant and parturient women receiving anticoagulation drugs are advised about anticoagulant treatment, side effects, interactions with other drugs, food and alcohol, and lifestyle adjustments during anticoagulation treatment (sports, travel). During pregnancy, by promoting health, nurses and midwives can also motivate women to adopt a healthier lifestyle.

• Keywords: diploma theses, midwifery, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pregnancy, delivery, midwifes, nurses