Zdravstvena nega bolnika s traheostomo in potrjeno okužbo z virusom SARS-CoV-2 : diplomsko delo

Florjančič, Ana Rebeka (author), Ravljen, Mirjam (mentor), Gorjup, Polona (comentor), Gogova, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Traheotomija je kirurški poseg, s katerim se vzpostavi dihalna pot skozi kožo na vratu do sapnika ali traheje. Odprtina se vzdržuje s trahealno kanilo. S pojavom pandemije COVID-19 je traheotomija postala izredno problematičen poseg zaradi tvorjenja in širjenja aerosola z virusi SARS-CoV-2, ki lahko povzroči okužbo kirurške in anesteziološke ekipe ter osebja, ki skrbi za bolnika v pooperativnem obdobju. Pomembno je, da slednji poskrbijo za zmanjšanje tveganja nastanka aerosolov in prenosa le-teh z ustrezno higiensko prakso, zaščito bolnika, osebno varovalno opremo ter uporabo zaprtih sistemov izvedbe traheotomije. Namen: Namen je predstaviti zdravstveno nego ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri bolniku s traheostomo in s potrjeno okužbo SARS CoV-2. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi s pregledom izbrane slovenske in angleške literature. Pregled literature je bil opravljen v podatkovnih bazah COBIB.si, CINAHL, Medline in ScienceDirect ter v spletnih iskalnikih PubMed in Google Učenjak. V diplomskem delu je bilo uporabljenih 45 enot literature. Rezultati: Postopek in način izvedbe traheotomije je izjemnega pomena, saj vpliva tudi na kasnejšo izvedbo zdravstvene nege bolnika. Med pandemijo so se medicinske sestre soočale z mnogimi težavami in ovirami, kot so pomanjkanje osebja, strah pred izpostavljenostjo virusu, tveganje za svoje zdravje, zdravje svojih družin ter pomanjkanje znanja o osebni zaščitni opremi. Z upoštevanjem previdnostnih ukrepov in izvedbo kakovostne zdravstvene nege je mogoče zagotoviti medicinskim sestram in drugemu osebju, ki sodeluje pri traheotomiji bolnikov z okužbo SARS-CoV-2, varnost in ohranitev zdravja. Nič manj to ne velja za ostale bolnike in njihove bližnje. Razprava in zaključek: Zdravstvena nega je v času pandemije doživela več sprememb kot kateri koli drugi poklic. Nepredvidljive situacije med pandemijo COVID-19 so zahtevale hitre odzive ter vpeljavo številnih sprememb v procese zdravstvene nege. Medicinska sestra ter ostalo osebje, ki sodelujejo pri oskrbi bolnika s traheostomo, okuženega s SARS-CoV-2, so dolžni popolno in dosledno uporabljati osebno varovalno opremo, da ne pride do okužbe zdravstvenega osebja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, traheotomija, koronavirusna bolezen, osebna varovalna oprema
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. R. Florjančič]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 30 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151570
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 167725059
• Publication date in RUL: 10.10.2023

FLORJANČIČ, Ana Rebeka, 2023, Zdravstvena nega bolnika s traheostomo in potrjeno okužbo z virusom SARS-CoV-2 : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : A. R. Florjančič. [Accessed 25 March 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=151570

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that establishes an airway through the skin of the neck to the trachea or windpipe, and maintains the opening with a tracheostomy cannula. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, tracheostomy has become extremely problematic due to the formation and spread of aerosols of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, which can cause infection of the surgical and anaesthetic teams and staff caring for the patient in the perioperative period. It is important that they take care to minimise the risk of aerosols and their transmission, through proper hygiene practices, patient protection, personal protective equipment (PPE), and the use of closed tracheostomy systems. Purpose: The purpose is to present nursing care and the role of the nurse in a tracheotomized patient with confirmed SARS CoV-2. Methods: The thesis is based on a descriptive method with a review of selected Slovenian and English literature. The literature review was performed in the databases COBIB.si, CINAHL, Medline and ScienceDirect, as well as in the online search engines PubMed and Google Scholar. 45 units of literature were used in the thesis. Results: The procedure and method of performing the tracheostomy are extremely important, as they also affect the subsequent performance of the patient's nursing care. During the pandemic, nurses faced many problems and obstacles such as: lack of staff, fear of exposure to the virus, risk to their health, the health of their families, and lack of knowledge about personal protective equipment. The use of preliminary measures in the implementation of quality nursing care cannot ensure the safety and preservation of health of the nurse and other people involved in the tracheostomy of patients with COVID-19. This is no less true for other patients and their relatives. Discussion and conclusion: Nursing has changed more than any other profession during the pandemic. Unpredictable situations during the COVID-19 pandemic required quick responses and the introduction of many changes in nursing processes. The nurse and other staff involved in the care of a patient with tracheotomy with a SARS-CoV-2 infection are obliged to fully and consistently use personal protective equipment to prevent infection of the medical staff.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, tracheotomy, coronavirus disease, personal protective equipment