Vpliv epidemije covida-19 na vnos vitamina D iz prehranskih dopolnil in zdravil pri premenopavznih in pomenopavznih ženskah : magistrsko delo

Rok, Valentina (author), Pandel Mikuš, Ruža (mentor), Vičič, Vid (co-mentor), Zore, Anamarija (reviewer)

Uvod: Pandemija covida-19 je vplivala na povečan vnos prehranskih dopolnil z namenom preprečevanja okužbe. Visokoogrožene skupine, pri katerih zaznavamo višjo smrtnost, sovpadajo s skupinami, pri katerih pogosteje ugotovimo visoko pojavnost pomanjkanja vitamina D. Skupini, ki imata pogosto nizke ravni vitamina D, so premenopavzne in pomenopavzne ženske. Namen: Ugotoviti želimo status vitamina D pri premenopavznih in pomenopavznih ženskah med pandemijo covida-19 v Sloveniji. Naš cilj je s pomočjo vprašalnika in meritev serumskega 25(OH)D ugotoviti vpliv pandemije covida-19 na status vitamina D ter jemanje vitamina D iz prehranskih dopolnil in zdravil. Metode dela: Uporabljeni sta bili deskriptivna metoda s pregledom slovenske in tuje strokovno-znanstvene literature ter kvantitativna metoda z anketnim vprašalnikom in odvzemom vzorcev krvi preiskovank za merjenje vrednosti vitamina D. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 176 žensk iz osrednjeslovenske regije, starih od 44 do 65, od tega 69 premenopavznih in 107 pomenopavznih. Raziskava je bila izvedena med 1. marcem in 31. majem 2021. Rezultati: 25(OH)D pri celotnem vzorcu je bil 66,42 ± 27,36 nmol/L. Pomenopavzne ženske so imele višjo raven 25(OH)D (69,64 ± 27,81 nmol/L) od premenopavznih (61,43 ± 26,06 nmol/L). 61,36 % preiskovank je jemalo prehranska dopolnila in zdravila z vitaminom D. Od celotnega vzorca jih je 28 % prebolelo covid-19. Za pomanjkanje vitamina D je razmerje obetov OR = 7,59; p < 0,001, 95 % CI [2,72; 14,274]. Razprava in zaključek: Nasprotno od preteklih slovenskih raziskav meritev 25(OH)D se je od leta 2017 do leta 2021 dvignila raven 25(OH)D v raziskovani populaciji za več kot 20 nmol/L, kar lahko pripišemo pandemiji covida-19. Zvišala se je tudi uporaba prehranskih dopolnil z vitaminom D. V primerjavi s prejšnjimi študijami so imele pri nas pomenopavzne ženske višjo raven 25(OH)D kot premenopavzne. 61,36 % preiskovank je dopolnjevalo količino vitamin D v telesu s prehranskimi dopolnili ali z zdravili (> 5µg/dan). 25(OH)D je bil pri preiskovankah, ki so vitamin D dodajale s prehranskimi dopolnili ali zdravili, za približno 20 nmol/L višji v primerjavi s tistimi, ki vitamina D niso dodajale. Ne glede na povišano raven 25(OH)D je bil ta pod optimalno mejo 75 nmol/L.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: magistrska dela, zdravstvena nega, covid-19, vitamin D, menopavza
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [V. Rok]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 45 str., [15] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151505
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 167584515
• Publication date in RUL: 08.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Impact of the covid-19 epidemic on vitamin D intake from dietary supplements and medications in premenopausal and postmenopausal women : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in the use of dietary supplements to prevent infection. High-risk groups, complications, and higher mortality rates are often associated with populations exhibiting a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Such groups, notably including postmenopausal women, coincide with those vulnerable to severe outcomes from COVID-19. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the vitamin D status among premenopausal and postmenopausal women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. The primary objectives were to investigate the impact of the pandemic on vitamin D status and the use of vitamin D supplements and medications through a questionnaire and serum 25(OH)D measurements. Methods: A descriptive methodology was employed, involving a review of domestic and foreign scientific literature and quantitative method with a questionnaire survey, and blood sample collection from participants for measuring vitamin D levels. The final analysis included 176 women aged 44 to 65 from the central Slovenian region, comprising 69 premenopausal and 107 postmenopausal women. The study was conducted between March 1 and May 31, 2021. Results: The 25(OH)D level in the entire sample was 66.42 ± 27.36 nmol/L. Postmenopausal women exhibited higher 25(OH)D levels (69.64 ± 27.81 nmol/L) compared to premenopausal women (61.43 ± 26.06 nmol/L). Of the total sample, 61.36% of participants were taking vitamin D supplements and medications. Additionally, 28% of the participants had a history of COVID-19 infection. The odds ratio (OR) for vitamin D deficiency of the whole sample was 7.59 (p < 0.001, 95% CI [2.72; 14.274]). Discussion and conclusion: In contrast to previous Slovenian studies measuring 25(OH)D levels, a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels by more than 20 nmol/L was observed in the studied population from 2017 to 2021, which can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of vitamin D supplements also rose during this period. Postmenopausal women in this study had higher 25(OH)D levels compared to premenopausal women, unlike findings from earlier studies. A notable proportion (61.36%) of participants supplemented their vitamin D intake through dietary supplements or medications (>5 µg/day). Participants who supplemented with vitamin D exhibited approximately 20 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D levels compared to those who did not. Despite the elevated 25(OH)D levels, they remained below the optimal threshold of 75 nmol/L.

• Keywords: master theses, nursing care, covid-19, vitamin D, menopause