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Bertrandov paradoks : delo diplomskega seminarja
ID Conta, Sara (Author), ID Kudryavtseva, Ganna (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Bertrandov paradoks je matematična zagata, s katero so se ukvarjali že mnogi matematični modreci. Ukvarja se z izbiro naključne tetive znotraj kroga in išče verjetnosti, da je izbrana tetiva daljša od neke izbrane vrednosti, ponavadi je to dolžina stranice temu krogu včrtanega enakostraničnega trikotnika. To delo se ukvarja z različnimi pristopi k problemu in posledično vodi k različnim rešitvam le-teh. Obstoj več različnih pristopov k reševanju problema poudarja pomembnost natančnosti pri definiranju problemov v geometrijski verjetnosti. V nalogi smo prišli do sedmih različnih vrednosti iskane verjetnosti. Do nekaterih od teh vrednosti, kot so $1\over 4$, $1\over 3$, $1\over 2$, pridemo hitro s kratkimi razmisleki. Do drugih bolj nenavadnih vrednosti, kot npr. ${1\over 3} + {\sqrt{3}\over 2\pi}$ pa pridemo z bolj poglobljeno analizo. V delu je predstavljena tudi prostorska različica Bertrandovega paradoksa, kjer točki izbiramo na enotski krogli, tetivo pa potegnemo skozi njuni projekciji na glavni krogelni krog.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:geometrijska verjetnost, enakostranični trikotnik, krožnica, tetiva, gostota porazdelitve
Work type:Final seminar paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-150830 This link opens in a new window
UDC:519.2
COBISS.SI-ID:165818371 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:24.09.2023
Views:1018
Downloads:39
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Bertrand's Paradox
Abstract:
Bertrand’s paradox is a mathematical conundrum that has been addressed by many mathematicians. It deals with the selection of a random chord within a circle and looks for the probabilities that the selected chord is longer than some pre-selected value, usually the length of the sides of the equilateral triangle inscribed on this circle. This work deals with different approaches to the problem and, as a result, leads to different solutions. The existence of several different approaches to solving the problem reveals the importance of precision in posing problems in geometric probability. In this work, we came up with seven different values of the mentioned probability. Some of these values, such as $1\over 4$, $1\over 3$, $1\over 2$, can be obtained using simple arguments. Other more unusual values, such as ${1\over 3} + {\sqrt{3}\over 2\pi}$, are reached by a more in-depth analysis. This work also presents a spatial version of Bertrand’s paradox, where points are chosen on a unit sphere, and the chord is drawn through their projections on the great circle of the sphere.

Keywords:geometric probability, equilateral triangle, circle, chord, density function

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