Planinska paša v Sloveniji

Kozjek, Brigita (author), Simčič, Mojca (mentor)

V alpskem prostoru se travnate površine, ki ležijo na višjih nadmorskih višinah, uporablja za planinsko pašo. To je sezonska gospodarska dejavnost v času vegetacijske dobe. V Evropski uniji se zavedajo pomena planinske paše, zato so uvedli ukrepe skupne kmetijske politike, ki so ključni za zagotavljanje trajnostne rabe in ohranjanje planin. Vsaka od članic se na različne načine sooča z omenjeno problematiko. V Sloveniji imamo več kot 200 planinskih pašnikov, na katerih se pasejo rejne živali. V obdobjih od 2015 do 2022 in 2023 do 2027 se izvajajo dve operaciji kmetijsko-okoljskih podnebnih plačil (KOPOP): Paša po čredinkah na planini in Planinska paša s pastirjem. Namen diplomske naloge je bil raziskati stanje planinske paše v Sloveniji s pomočjo pregleda literature in podatkov, na podlagi vključevanja rejcev v ukrepe kmetijske politike. Na planinski paši v Sloveniji se pase govedo, konji in drobnica. Poznamo goveje, konjske in mešane planine z najmanj tremi vrstami rejnih živali ter planine za drobnico, izključno ovčje in izključno kozje planine. Ugotovili smo, da se je v zadnjih letih povečala povprečna velikost planin in število GVŽ na območjih, kjer so vključeni v KOPOP operacijo planinska paša. V letu 2021 je bila v Sloveniji povprečna velikost planine 36,38 ha, povprečno število živali na planini 37,18 GVŽ in povprečna obtežba 1,35 GVŽ/ha. Planinska paša se izvaja v sedmih statističnih regijah od dvanajstih regij v Sloveniji.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: živinoreja, paša, planinska paša, kmetijska politika, Slovenija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150754
• COBISS.SI-ID: 166239747
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Mountain grazing in Slovenia

Abstract

In the Alpine region, grassland at higher altitudes is used for alpine pasture farming. This is a seasonal economic activity during the growing season. The European Union is aware of the importance of alpine pasture management and has taken measures within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy that are crucial for the sustainable use and preservation of mountain pastures. Individual member states approach this problem in different ways. In Slovenia, there are more than 200 mountain pastures where livestock graze. In the periods 2015-2022 and 2023-2027, two agri-environmental and climate payments (CAP) will be implemented: Herding on the mountain and mountain grazing with a herder. The aim of this work was to investigate the situation of mountain grazing in Slovenia through a literature and data analysis based on the participation of breeders in agricultural policies. In Slovenia, cattle, horses and small ruminants are grazed on mountain pastures. There are cattle, horse, and mixed pastures with at least three species, as well as pastures for small ruminants and pure sheep and pure goat pastures. We found that the average size of pastures and the number of livestock units (LU) have increased in recent years in areas where they are included in the CAP Alpine pasture operation. In 2021, the average size of a pasture was 36.38 ha, the average number of animals in a pasture was 37.18 LU and the average stocking density was 1.35 LU/ha in Slovenia. Mountain pastures are managed in seven of the twelve statistical regions of Slovenia.

• Keywords: animal breeding, grazing, mountain grazing, agricultural policy, Slovenia