Vpliv inertnih prašiv na dva škodljivca in pridelek čebule (Allium cepa) v poljskih razmerah

Pečarič, Nina (author), Trdan, Stanislav (mentor)

Leta 2022 smo na Laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani zasnovali poskus s čebulo, kjer smo preučevali insekticidno delovanje 4 inertnih prahov (kremenov pesek, zeolit, diatomejska zemlja in lesni pepel) in rastlinskega prahu velikega pajesena na pomembna škodljivca čebule, tobakovega resarja (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) in čebulno muho (Delia antiqua Meigen). Njivo smo razdelili na 3 bloke, znotraj katerih smo naključno razvrstili 7 obravnavanj. Poleg preučevanih prahov smo zasnovali tudi pozitivno kontrolo, kjer smo uporabili registriran sintetični insekticid in negativno kontrolo, v kateri čebule z omenjenimi sredstvi nismo tretirali. Posipanje čebule smo izvedli v 6 terminih. Med rastno dobo smo poškodbe na rastlinah zaradi tobakovega resarja in čebulne muhe ocenjevali s standardno metodo EPPO. Ob spravilu smo v posameznem obravnavanju pridelek ločili na propadle in zdrave čebulice, jih prešteli in stehtali. Tri tedne smo jih ločeno sušili in po sušenju postopek ponovili. Obseg poškodb zaradi tobakovega resarja je bil v vseh obravnavanjih podoben, za najbolj učinkovito metodo se je izkazala uporaba sintetičnega insekticida. Ob vsakem pregledu smo v vseh obravnavanjih našli v povprečju od 1 do 2 propadli čebulici zaradi napada čebulne muhe. Skupno najmanj propadlih čebulic je bilo ob uporabi lesnega pepela. V pridelku na njivi je bilo v vsakem obravnavanju več propadlih kot zdravih čebulic, pridelek pozitivne kontrole je bil v povprečju najbolj zdrav. Po sušenju je imel povprečni pridelek obravnavanja z lesnim pepelom največ zdravih čebulic, pridelek v ostalih obravnavanjih je začel med sušenjem močneje gniti. Sintetični insekticid do določene mere zavira napad preučevanih škodljivcev, a se je v času sušenja gnitje močno povečalo. Za razmeroma učinkovito sredstvo proti čebulni muhi se je izkazala tudi uporaba lesnega pepela.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: tobakov resar, Thrips tabaci, čebulna muha, Delia antiqua, čebula, varstvo rastlin, alternativni načini varstva rastlin, inertni prahovi, rastlinski prahovi, poljske razmere
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150339
• COBISS.SI-ID: 164790275
• Publication date in RUL: 16.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of inert dusts on two pests and yield of onion (Allium cepa) under field conditions

Abstract

In 2022, we conducted an onion experiment at the Laboratory Field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana, where we studied the insecticidal activity of 4 inert dusts (quartz sand, zeolite, diatomaceous earth and wood ash) and a plant powder of the tree of heaven on the important onion pests, the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) and the onion fly (Delia antiqua Meigen). The field was divided into 3 blocks within which 7 treatments were randomly assigned. We also had a positive control, where we used a registered synthetic insecticide, and a negative control, which was not treated with the above mentioned agents. The onion spraying was carried out over 6 dates. During the growing season, damage to the plants caused by tobacco thrips and onion fly was assessed using the standard EPPO method. At harvest, in each treatment, the crop was separated into rotten and healthy bulbs, counted and weighed. They were dried separately for 3 weeks and the process was repeated after drying. The extent of damage caused by tobacco thrips was similar in all treatments and the most effective method was the use of a synthetic insecticide. On average, 1 to 2 rotten bulbs due to onion fly infestation were found in all treatments at each inspection. The overall lowest number of rotten bulbs were when we used wood ash. In the field crop, there were more rotten than healthy bulbs in each treatment, with the positive control crop being the healthiest on average. After drying, the average yield of the wood ash treatment had the most healthy bulbs, while the yields in the other treatments started to rot more severely during drying. The synthetic insecticide inhibited to a certain extent the attack of the studied pests, but rotting increased sharply during the drying period. The use of wood ash also proved to be relatively effective against the onion fly. The synthetic insecticide inhibits the attack of the studied pests to a certain extent, but during the drying period, rotting increased significantly. The use of wood ash also proved to be relatively effective against the onion fly.

• Keywords: onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, onion fly, Delia antiqua, onion, plant protection, alternative methods of plant protection, inert dusts, plant dusts, field conditions