The thesis is about cyber security, which is key to the ongoing rescue and coping with the modernization of ship systems, in order to protect them.
It describes what cyber security is and which ship systems it covers. Among other things, it highlights the differences between IT and OT systems and defines their main characteristics. It describes maritime cyber threats, highlights the types of attacks and also lists and defines some practical examples such as GPS spoofing, Maersk cyber attack, etc. that have occurred in the maritime sector. It then lists and describes, among other things, the security and protective countermeasures that are necessary or recommended to mitigate or prevent further cyber attacks and highlights the various attack motives of actors involved in the maritime sector. It also describes the EU, IMO and NATO organizations and their regulations or recommendations related to maritime cyber security. Finally, we also mention the cyber security challenges of autonomous vessels, as it is increasingly obvious that there will be more and more of them in the future due to constant modernization, which means that they also need to be adequately protected in the future.
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