Vodenje prehrane krav molznic na ekološki kmetiji Perenič

Perenič, Tine (author), Kermauner Kavčič, Ajda (mentor)

Na ekološki kmetiji Perenič redimo približno 40 krav molznic večinoma rjave pasme. Marca 2023 smo začeli z vodenjem prehrane po modelu Orešnika (1996) in jo vodili do maja 2023. Rezultate spremembe obroka smo spremljali s pomočjo AT4 kontrole. Obrok je v večini sestavljen iz travne silaže prve in druge košnje ter mrve. Analiza je pokazala, da je doma pridelana voluminozna krma precej slabe kakovosti, predvsem je vsebovala malo beljakovin. V obroku je primanjkovalo energije (za 2 kg mleka energije), zato smo v novi obrok dodali več koruznega šrota in zmanjšali količino lucerne, dodali smo tudi več rudninsko-vitaminskega dodatka in soli. Povprečna mlečnost pred vodenjem prehrane je bila 22,19 kg, aprila 22,22 kg, maja pa 25,03 kg. Mlečnost iz voluminozne krme je bila pred vodenjem 12,99 kg na dan, aprila je padla na 11,82 kg in maja narasla na 14,63 kg na dan, zaradi veliko boljše kakovosti nove voluminozne krme. Količina močne krme na kg mleka se je povečala z 210 g v marcu na 230 g v aprilu in nato padla na 200 g v mesecu maju. Izkoriščenost energije je bila pred vodenjem prehrane 109,9 %, v aprilu je padla na 100,0 % in v maju narasla na 115,2 %. Ta podatek kaže na ne dovolj natančno vodenje prehrane krav molznic na kmetiji Perenič.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: krave, molznice, krmni obrok, analiza krme, vodenje prehrane, mlečnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150029
• COBISS.SI-ID: 164523779
• Publication date in RUL: 13.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Dairy cow's nutrition management on an organic farm Perenič

Abstract

The Perenič organic farm has about 40 dairy cows, mostly of the Brown Swiss breed. In March 2023, we started nutritional management for dairy cows according to the model of Orešnik (1996) and carried it out until May 2023. The results of the ration change were monitored using AT4 control. The ration consisted mainly of grass silage from the first and second cut and hay. The analysis showed that the home-grown roughage was of rather poor quality and especially of low protein content. The ration lacked energy (for 2 kg of milk), so we added more maize and reduced the amount of lucerne in the new ration, we also added more mineral vitamin supplement and salt. The average milk yield before the diet was 22.19 kg, in April 22.22 kg and in May 25.03 kg. Milk yield from roughage was 12.99 kg/day before management, decreased to 11.82 kg in April, and increased to 14.63 kg/day in May due to the much better quality of the new roughage. Concentrate feed per kg of milk increased from 210 g in March to 230 g in April and then decreased to 200 g in May. Energy utilisation was 109.9 % before management, dropped to 100.0 % in April, and increased to 115.2 % in May. This indicates that the nutrition management of dairy cows on Perenič farm was not precise enough.

• Keywords: cows, dairy cows, feed ration, feed analysis, nutrition management, milk yield