Tehnologije odstavljanja kozličev

Mlinar, Slavka (author), Simčič, Mojca (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi smo preučili različne tehnologije odstavitev kozličev pri različnih pasmah in proizvodnih sistemih. Preučili smo tudi različne vplive zgodnje odstavitve na rast kozličev, mlečnost koz ter na dobrobit živali. Z zgodnjo odstavitvijo rejci povečajo prihodek na kmetiji, saj prodajo več mleka kot pri pozni odstavitvi. Glede na rezultate kontrole rastnosti so do odstavitve najboljši dnevni prirast imeli kozliči slovenske srnaste pasme (196 g/dan), v primerjavi s kozliči slovenske sanske pasme (190 g/dan) in burske pasme (177 g/dan). Po rezultatih iz literature so zgodaj odstavljeni kozliči sanske, togenburške in alpske pasme kasneje dosegli telesno maso 30 kg kot pozno odstavljeni kozliči, ki so imeli tudi manjši dnevni prirast (98 g/dan) v primerjavi s pozno odstavljenimi kozliči (137 g/dan), vendar so kljub različnemu času odstavitve, sčasoma dosegli enako telesno maso in dnevne priraste kot pozno odstavljeni. Zaradi zgodnje odstavitve so konzumirali manj mleka kot pozno odstavljeni, zato je prišlo do manj prebavnih težav, saj so se jim zaradi zgodnjega uživanja suhe krme prej začeli razvijati predželodci. Zaradi zgodnje odstavitve pri starosti dveh dni so damaščanske koze priredile največjo količino tržnega mleka (520 kg) in imele daljšo laktacijo (297 dni), v primerjavi s kozami z odstavljenimi kozliči pri starosti 70 dni (395 kg mleka) in krajšo laktacijo (263 dni). Rezultati študije so pokazali, da koncentracija bakterij v vampu kozličev doseže podobno raven kot pri odraslih živalih že v prvem tednu življenja, razlik v koncentraciji bakterij ob odstavitvi med zgodnje in kasneje odstavljenimi kozliči ni bilo, razlike so se pokazale en mesec po odstavitvi, in sicer so kasneje odstavljeni kozliči imeli večjo koncentracijo bakterij kot zgodnje odstavljeni. Zgodaj odstavljene kozliče običajno vzrejamo z mlečnim nadomestkom z napajalnim avtomatom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: drobnica, koze, kozliči, odstavitev, tehnologije
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150005
• COBISS.SI-ID: 164581379
• Publication date in RUL: 13.09.2023

MLINAR, Slavka, 2023, Tehnologije odstavljanja kozličev [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 16 March 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=150005

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Technologies of goat kids weaning

Abstract

In the work, we studied different weaning technologies for goat kids in different breeds and production systems. We also studied the different effects of early weaning on kid growth, milk yield and animal welfare. Early weaning increases farm profitability because farmers sell more milk than late weaning, according to growth records, the highest daily gain to weaning was observed in kids of the Slovenian Alpine breed (196 g/day), compared to the kids of Slovenian Sannen breed (190 g/day) and the Boer breed (177 g/day). According to the literature, early weaned kids of the Sannen, Toggenburg, and Alpine breeds reached weight 30 kg later than late weaned kids and had lower daily gain (98 g/day) than the late weaned kids (137 g/day), but despite the difference in weaning time, they eventually reached the same weight and gain as late weaned kids. Early-weaned kids consumed less milk than late-weaned, resulting in fewer digestive problems, but early consumption of solid feed resulted in earlier development of reticulorumen. Early weaning of two days of age resulted in highest milk production (520 kg) and longer lactation (297 days) compared to the goats weaned at 70 days (395 kg) and shorter lactation (263 days). The results of the study show that the bacterial concentration in the rumen of kids reaches a lever similar to that of adults as early of the first week of life. At weaning, there were no differences in bacterial concentration between early weaned al later weaned kids, but one month after weaning , differences became apparent, with later weaned kids having higher bacterial concentration than early weaned kids. Early weaned kids are usually raised with a milk replacer with an automatic feeder.

• Keywords: small ruminants, goats, kids, weaning, technologies