Digitalni PET/CT: prednosti in slabosti : diplomsko delo

Leskovar, Nina (author), Rep, Sebastijan (mentor), Ležaič, Luka (comentor), Žibert, Janez (reviewer)

Uvod: Digitalni PET/CT detektorji so najnovejša tehnologija pozitronske emisijske tomografije v katerih so analogno fotopomnoževalno cev nadomestile mnogo manjše silicijeve fotopomnoževalke. Ti sistemi omogočajo zaznavanje posameznih fotonov z visoko občutljivostjo in nizkim šumom. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil z sistematičnim pregledom literature predstaviti digitalni PET/CT, opisati kako se primerja z analognim sistemom in natančneje predstaviti katere prednosti in slabosti predstavljajo digitalni PET/CT skenerji. Metode dela: V svojem diplomskem delu sem uporabila deskriptivno metodo dela s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Strokovne in znanstvene članke sem iskala na svetovnem spletu na različnih strokovnih podatkovnih bazah. Iskanje in pregled literature je potekalo od oktobra 2022 do marca 2023. Literaturo sem izbirala glede na vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije, pri kateri sem se osredotočila le na članke v angleškem jeziku. Rezultati: Rezultati so prikazani v dveh delih. V prvem delu je shematsko prikazan potek pregleda literature, način kako sem prišla do končnega števila člankov vključenih v analizo. V drugem delu sem izbrano literaturo natančno preučila glede na lastnosti vzorca, namen in ugotovitve. Literatura vključuje raziskave delane na fantomih in pacientih v kliničnem okolju. Analiza člankov je pokazala, da digitalni PET/CT sistem v primerjavi z analognim omogoča boljšo kakovost slik, natančnejše zaznavanje predvsem manjših lezij in možnost zajema diagnostično uporabnih posnetkov pri skrajšanju časa zajema podatkov. Razprava in zaključek: V večini so se študije osredotočile na raziskovanje razlik tehničnih sposobnosti digitalnega sistema v primerjavi z analognim sistemom. Študije opisujejo izboljšano kvaliteto posnetkov digitalnega sistema, ki je opazna že s subjektivno vizualno oceno. Različne analize so dokazale izboljšano prostorsko ločljivost, razmerje signal-šum ter izboljšan TOF in SUV. Bistveno je izboljšanje možnosti zaznavanja lezij digitalnih sistemov, kar pomeni večjo natančnost pri določanju stadija bolezni, določanju prognoze in zgodnejše odkritje bolezni. Študije so dokazale, da digitalne naprave omogočajo tudi možnost skrajšanja časa zajema podatkov in zmanjšanje aplicirane doze radiofarmaka, kar je še posebej uporabno v posebnih kliničnih okoliščinah, ki zahtevajo hitrejše preiskave. Ob vsem tem je potrebno še posebej poudariti, da tehničnih slabosti danega sistema nisem zasledila nikjer v literaturi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, radiološka tehnologija, nuklearna medicina, PET/CT, digitalni PET/CT, silicijeva fotopomnoževalka
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Leskovar]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 25 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-149994
• UDC: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 164233987
• Publication date in RUL: 13.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Digital PET/CT: advantages and disadvantages : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Digital PET/CT detectors are the latest technology in positron emission tomography, where the analogue photomultiplier tube has been replaced by much smaller silicon photomultipliers. These systems allow single photons to be detected, resulting in high sensitivity and low noise. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to present digital PET/CT by means of systematic literature review, to describe how it compares with the analogue systems and to present in more detail the advantages and disadvantages of digital PET/CT scanners. Methods: In my thesis I used a descriptive method with a systematic literature review. I searched for professional and scientific articles on the Internet in various professional databases. The literature search and review were conducted from October 2022 to March 2023. The literature was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing only on articles in the English language. Results: The results are shown in two parts. The first part shows the process of the literature review, showing how I selected the articles included in the analysis. In the second part, I reviewed the selected literature in detail according to the sample characteristics, purpose, and findings. The literature includes studies performed on phantoms and patients in a clinical setting. The analysis of the articles showed that digital PET/CT systems, compared to analogue systems offer better image quality, improved lesion detectability, and the possibility of capturing diagnostically useful images while reducing data acquisition time. Discussion and conclusion: Most studies have focused on exploring the differences in technical capabilities of a digital system compared to an analogue system. The studies describe improved image quality of the digital system, which is already noticeable from a subjective visual assessment. Various analyses have demonstrated improved spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio and improved TOF and SUV. The lesion detection capabilities of the digital systems have improved significantly, resulting in greater accuracy in disease staging, prognosis, and earlier detection. Studies have shown that digital devices also offer the possibility to reduce data acquisition time and the dose of radiopharmaceutical administered, which is particularly useful in specific clinical circumstances requiring faster examinations. It should be emphasised that I did not detect any mention of technical disadvantages of digital PET/CT systems.

• Keywords: diploma theses, radiologic technology, nuclear medicine, PET/CT, digital PET/CT, silicon photomultiplier