Advances and developments in the energy and electromobility sectors have led to more and more electric vehicles entering the Slovenian fleet. This has a positive impact on the environment and is a step towards the goal of the Energy Strategy to achieve a carbon-free society by 2050.
More and more users are also choosing to buy electric vehicles for economic reasons. Although it is slightly more expensive to buy an electric vehicle than a fossil fuel vehicle, fossil fuel prices are increasing and this trend is expected to continue. Buying an electric vehicle in the foreseeable future can save a lot of money.
The electrification of the vehicle fleet and the use of electric vehicles in today's automotive industry are increasingly a topic of discussion among both laymen and experts in the field. Discussions on the advisability of electric vehicles, their impact and potential are becoming more and more common.
Electric vehicles can be passive or active (adaptive) loads on the grid, adding additional stress to the electricity network. Unlike most other loads on the grid, EVs represent an unpredictable load for system operators, which means that we do not know exactly when this load will be connected to the grid and how exactly this will affect the grid situation. As EVs are unpredictable loads, it is of utmost importance to correctly determine the impact of EVs on the electricity grid for the smooth operation of the system.
I have assumed that as the number of electric vehicles increases, and therefore the electricity consumption increases, the stability of the electricity grid decreases. Grid congestion occurs mainly during certain periods of time, called peak periods, with high electricity demand. Appropriate solutions, such as adjusting the charging time of electric vehicles outside peak demand periods, can significantly improve the stability of the low-voltage distribution network.
The increase in the number of electric vehicles raises the question of how this affects the distribution network itself, how and when they will be charged, at what price, will there be enough electricity, will the charging points be sufficiently powerful and accessible, and will they be user and environment friendly.
In my thesis, I focused mainly on the topic of adjusting the charging times of electric vehicles so that the impact on the distribution network is minimised. I will investigate the congestion of the grid during peak times and look for simple and sensible solutions.
In this thesis, the impact of the growth in the number of electric vehicles on the low-voltage distribution network is investigated. Different charging regimes for electric vehicles are used. Real consumption data and network topology are used for measurements and analysis. It was found that adjustments of the charging times are necessary. Both scenarios, charging during working hours and charging at night, have a positive impact on the grid situation. However, the most optimal charging strategy was found to be night charging.\\
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