The loss of skeletal tissue is a common consequence of disease, injury and aging. Due to the limited self-healing ability, external interventions are generally required to restore and regenerate missing and damaged bone. The use of bone grafts or rather substitutes is a standard technique for treating skeletal fractures and replacing lost bone tissue. The most commonly used are autografts, which are bone grafts of the same organism harvested from typical locations. Using these can cause complications such as pain, scarring and donor site infection. An alternative is the use of allografts obtained from the cadaver of another person and xenografts of animal origin, but they do not possess the osteoinductivity of the autologous bone and pose a high risk of immune rejection. Due to the large amount of bone transplants, a need for materials biocompatible with bone tissue emerged. Polymers fulfill this role, since their structure and porosity enable migration and growth of osteoblast cell line, a characteristic known as osteoconductivity. By applying polymers to the desired place, it is possible to prompt bone growth into the desired shape with the help of cells from the inflicted bone and stem cells. Polymers act as temporary scaffolds that guide and provide a matrix for osteblast cells until they break down the polymer and form a new bone.
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