Priprava in karakterizacija liposomov v mešanicah sojin lecitin-voda-glicerol z dodatkom izvlečkov iz chiinih in konopljinih semen

Kovač, Ela (author), Kogej, Ksenija (mentor)

Liposomi so majhni vezikli, okrogle oblike, ki vsebujejo vsaj en lipidni dvosloj. Nastanejo lahko iz naravnih ali sintetičnih fosfolipidov. Gradniki liposomov, lipidi, so amfifilne molekule, kar pomeni, da lahko liposomi zajamejo tako hidrofilne kot tudi lipofilne molekule. Imajo veliko uporabnost v farmaciji, saj služijo kot nosilci številnih zdravilnih učinkovin in jih dostavljajo na mesto delovanja. V diplomskem delu smo pripravili tri liposomske mešanice, pri čemer je bil glavni vir lipida sojin lecitin. Prva mešanica je vsebovala sojin lecitin, vodo in glicerol, druga mešanica je namesto vode vsebovala izvleček iz chiinih semen, zadnja mešanica pa je namesto vode vsebovala izvleček iz konopljinih semen. Za analizo smo prvo mešanico redčili z vodo ter z mešanico vode in glicerola, ostali dve mešanici pa le z vodo. Z metodo dinamičnega sipanja svetlobe (DLS) in metodo interferometrične svetlobne mikroskopije (ILM; inštrument Videodrop) smo določili premer, koncentracijo in polidisperznost veziklov in ugotovili, da uporaba različnih topil za redčitev prve mešanice vpliva na vse tri parametre. Pri redčitvi mešanice z vodo so imeli tvorjeni delci večje premere, manjšo celokupno koncentracijo in ožjo porazdelitev velikosti. Z omenjenima metodama in s spektrofotometrično metodo (inštrument Nanodrop) smo tudi opazovali, kako dodatek izvlečkov iz chiinih oz. konopljinih semen vpliva na velikost in sestavo veziklov. V mešanici, ki je vsebovala izvleček iz chiinih semen, so bili delci večji v primerjavi z delci v mešanici, ki je vsebovala izvleček iz konopljinih semen. Enako smo ugotovili tudi pri meritvi izvlečkov semen, pri čemer so bili delci v izvlečku iz chiinih semen za približno 2-krat večji od delcev v izvlečku iz konopljinih semen. Ob merjenju absorbance pri določenih valovnih dolžinah smo z uporabo spektrofotometrične metode ugotovili, da imajo konopljina semena in mešanica, ki je vsebovala izvleček iz konopljinih semen, višjo vsebnost organskih spojin, chiina semena in mešanica, ki je vsebovala izvleček iz chiinih semen pa višjo vsebnost nukleinskih kislin in proteinov. Z opazovanjem liposomov pod optičnim mikroskopom pa smo videli, da se med vsemi tremi mešanicami in v dveh različnih medijih (izpirku in peni iz chiinih oz. konopljinih semen) liposomi razlikujejo po obliki, velikosti in lamelarnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: liposomi, chiina semena, konopljina semena, dinamično sipanje svetlobe, premer
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-149278
• COBISS.SI-ID: 167300867
• Publication date in RUL: 06.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Preparation and characterisation of liposomes in soya lecithin-water-glycerol mixtures with the addition of extracts from chia and hemp seeds

Abstract

Liposomes are small, spherical vesicles containing at least one lipid bilayer. They can be made from natural or synthetic phospholipids. The building blocks of liposomes, lipids, are amphiphilic molecules, meaning that liposomes can entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. They have great utility in pharmacy, as they serve as carriers for many active substances. In the thesis, we prepared three liposomal mixtures, where soya lecithin was the main lipid source. The first mixture contained soya lecithin, water and glycerol, the second mixture contained chia seed extract instead of water and the last mixture contained hemp seed extract instead of water. Before analysis, the first mixture was diluted with water and with a mixture of water and glycerol, while the other two mixtures were diluted with water only. The diameter, concentration and polydispersity of the vesicles were determined using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS) and the interferometric light microscopy (ILM; instrument Videodrop) method, and we found that the use of different solvents to dilute the first mixture affects all three parameters. When the mixture was diluted with water, the formed particles had larger diameters, lower total concentration and a narrower size distribution. These methods and the spectrophotometric method (instrument Nanodrop) were also used to observe how the addition of chia or hemp seed extracts affects the size and composition of the vesicles. The mixture containing chia seed extract had larger particles compared to the mixture containing hemp seed extract. The same was found when measuring the seed extracts, where the particles in the chia seed extract were about 2 times larger than those in the hemp seed extract. By measuring the absorbance at specific wavelengths using the spectrophotometric method, we found that hemp seeds and the mixture containing hemp seed extract had a higher content of organic compounds, while chia seeds and the mixture containing chia seed extract had a higher content of nucleic acids and proteins. However, by observing the liposomes under an optical microscope, we found that the liposomes differed in shape, size and lamellarity between the three mixtures and in the two different media (washout and foam of chia or hemp seeds).

• Keywords: liposomes, chia seeds, hemp seeds, dynamic light scattering, diameter