Vpliv fizioterapevtskih intervencij z dvojno nalogo na gibalno sposobnost pacientov s Parkinsovo boleznijo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Medved, Janja (author), Hlebš, Sonja (mentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (comentor), Kovačič, Tine (reviewer)

Uvod: Parkinsonova bolezen je druga najpogostejša kronična nevrodegenerativna motnja, ki trenutno prizadene približno 1% svetovnega prebivalstva. Nekatere napovedi kažejo na velik porast te bolezni v naslednjih desetletjih. Motnja hoje, za katero so značilni kratki, asimetrični koraki in počasna hitrost, je glavni motorični simptom pri bolnikih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Večina motoričnih simptomov, kot je tremor, rigidnost, bradikinezija in zamrznitev gibanja, so posledica pomanjkanja dopamina v bazalnih ganglijih, vključno z izgubo dopaminskih celic v bazalnem jedru. Skoraj 40% bolnikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo doživi tudi kognitivni upad, ta pa je povezan z zmanjšano socialno interakcijo, zmanjšano udeležbo v aktivnostih vsakodnevnega življenja in večjim tveganjem za smrt. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature ugotoviti, kakšen je vpliv fizioterapevtskih intervencij z dvojno nalogo na gibalno sposobnost pacientov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Metode dela: Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovni bazi PubMed. Vključili smo randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave in kontrolne klinične raziskave objavljene med letoma 2015 in 2022. Uporabljene so bile kombinacije naslednjih ključnih besed: »Parkinsonova bolezen«, »dvojna naloga«, »fizioterapevtske intervencije« in »gibalna sposobnost«. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih pet raziskav, ki so med seboj primerjale različne fizioterapevtske intervencije z dvojnimi nalogami. V vseh petih izbranih raziskavah so preiskovance ocenjevali na začetku in po koncu raziskave. Vse raziskave poročajo o statistično pomembnem izboljšanju opazovanih parametrov hoje po intervenciji. Parametri hoje so vključevali: hitrost hoje, dolžino koraka in čas dvojne opore med enojnimi in dvojnimi nalogami. Razprava in zaključek: Trenutne raziskave kažejo da vključevanje dvojne naloge v fizioterapijo, pripomore k zmanjšanju primanjkljajev, ki jih imajo pacienti s Parkinsonovo boleznijo pri vsakodnevnih aktivnostih. Potrebna pa so nadaljnja klinična preizkušanja, da bi potrdila trenutne ugotovitve. V prihodnjih raziskavah bi bilo potrebno vključiti večje število preiskovancev, izvesti daljše vadbene programe, bolnike s Parkinsonovo boleznijo razdeliti v skupine s stopnjo resnosti bolezni, uporabiti enotna merilna orodja za vrednotenje rezultatov in spremljati dolgoročne vplive vadbe.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, Parkinsonova bolezen, dvojna naloga, gibalna sposobnost, fizioterapevtske intervencije
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Medved]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 29 str., [1] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-149271
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 163431171
• Publication date in RUL: 06.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of dual task physiotherapy interventions on the movement ability in patients with Parkinson's disease - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is the second most common chronic neurodegenerative disorder, currently affecting approximately 1% of the world's population. Some forecasts indicate a large increase in this disease in the coming decades. Gait disturbance, characterized by short, asymmetric steps and slow speed, is the main motor symptom in Parkinson's disease performance. Most of the motor symptoms, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia and freezing of movement, is result from a decrease in dopamine in the basal ganglia, including the purchase of dopamine cells in the basal nucleus. Nearly 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease also experience cognitive decline, which is associated with reduced social interaction, reduced participation in activities of daily living, and increased risk of death. Purpose: The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the impact of dual-task physiotherapy interventions on the movement ability in patients with Parkinson's disease by reviewing the literature. Methods: Studies were selected if they met the following inclusion criteria: articles with freely available full text, studies published between 2015 and 2022, randomized controlled trials, rcts and the following key word combinations: "Parkinson's disease", "dual task", "physiotherapeutic interventions" and "movement ability'. Results: Five studies were included in the literature review that compared different physiotherapy interventions with dual tasks. In all five selected studies, subjects were assessed at the beginning and after the end of the study. All of them found a statistically significant improvement compared to the first assessment in the observed gait parameters. Gait parameters included: gait speed, stride length and double stance time with single and dual tasks. Discussion and conclusion: Current research suggests that incorporating dual tasks into physiotherapy helps to reduce deficits experienced by Parkinson's disease patients in activities of daily living. However, further clinical investigations are needed to confirm the current findings. In the following studies, it would be necessary to include a larger number of subjects, to perform longer exercise programs, to divide Parkinson's disease patients into groups based on the severity of the disease, to use uniform measurement tools to evaluate the results, and to monitor the long-term effects of interventions.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, Parkinson's disease, dual task, movement ability, physiotherapy interventions