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Evaluation of misoprostol effects during prenatal development in a zebrafish embryo model
ID Belina, Janta (Author), ID Sollner Dolenc, Marija (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Barenys, Marta (Co-mentor)

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Abstract
Misoprostol is a synthetic analog of prostaglandin E1 that is frequently used around the world for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers, but due to its uterotonic properties, it has lately become popular as an abortifacient agent. It is considered relatively safe; however, misoprostol is often used incorrectly and under no medical supervision, which results in more failed abortions and in-utero exposure to misoprostol. Since misoprostol is considered a teratogen, it can have some harmful effects on the exposed fetus, such as craniofacial and limb abnormalities. It has also been associated with Moebius syndrome, a rare congenital disorder characterized by non-progressive facial weakness and limited abduction of the eyes. This Master's thesis aimed to study the effects that the drug produces and the mechanism by which it produces them. Furthermore, we wanted to relate the effects with symptoms of the Moebius syndrome. We performed two separate experiments, using a zebrafish model. Firstly, we exposed zebrafish embryos to misoprostol at concentration 5 µM and evaluated the craniofacial structures of the larvae at 72 hours post fertilization. The reason for using this exact concentration of misoprostol is the finding from previous experiments, that the lowest observed adverse effect concentration of misoprostol in zebrafish is 5 µM. The difference that 5 µM misoprostol produced were a thicker jaw, smaller eye, and increased distance from the eye to the nose. Secondly, we performed an optokinetic experiment, using an optokinetic rotary device that normally increases eye movement when rotating, on zebrafish larvae at 96 hours post fertilization and evaluated the effects of misoprostol on eye movement. The results showed that 5 µM misoprostol affects the eyes and produces an impairment of optokinetic response, as there was no significant increase in the eye movements of zebrafish in comparison to the control group. To study the mechanism of action of misoprostol, we used a thromboxane receptor antagonist. Therefore, in both experiments, zebrafish embryos were also exposed to misoprostol and thromboxane receptor antagonist ICI-192605 simultaneously. The concentration that we used was 12.5 µM, since it was found that at this concentration, ICI-192605 alone does not produce malformations. The antagonist reduced the morphological malformations in the craniofacial area. However, it did not reduce the alterations in optokinetic response. The results show that there is an involvement of the thromboxane receptor in the onset action of misoprostol on morphological structures; however, further experiments would need to be done to confirm the mechanism behind functional impairments.

Language:English
Keywords:misoprostol, thromboxane receptor antagonist ICI-192605, teratogenicity, zebrafish, Danio rerio, Moebius syndrome
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-148916 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:163122947 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:01.09.2023
Views:225
Downloads:28
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Vrednotenje učinkov mizoprostola na prenatalni razvoj v modelu rib cebric
Abstract:
Mizoprostol je sintetični analog prostaglandina E1, ki se pogosto uporablja za preprečevanje in zdravljenje želodčnih razjed, zaradi svojih uterotoničnih lastnosti pa je v zadnjem času postal priljubljen tudi kot sredstvo za splavitev. Uporaba mizoprostola je relativno varna; vendar se mizoprostol pogosto uporablja nepravilno in brez zdravniškega nadzora, kar lahko privede do nepopolne splavitve ter in-utero izpostavljenosti mizoprostolu. Ker mizoprostol velja za teratogen, lahko pri izpostavljenem plodu povzroči škodljive učinke, kot so kraniofacialne nepravilnosti in nepravilnosti okončin. Uporabo mizoprostola med nosečnostjo povezujejo tudi s pojavom Moebiusovega sindroma, redko prirojeno motnjo, za katero sta značilni neprogresivna paraliza obraza in omejena abdukcija oči. Namen magistrske naloge je bil preučiti učinke, ki jih zdravilo povzroča, in mehanizem preko katerega jih povzroča. Poleg tega smo želeli učinke povezati s simptomi Moebiusovega sindroma. Izvedli smo dva ločena poskusa z uporabo modela rib zebric. Najprej smo embrie rib izpostavili mizoprostolu s koncentracijo 5 µM in ovrednotili kraniofacialne strukture larv 72 ur po oploditvi. Razlog za uporabo te koncentracije mizoprostola je ugotovitev iz prejšnjih študij, da je najnižja koncentracija mizoprostola, ki povzroči neželene učinke pri ribah zebricah 5 µM. Spremembe, ki jih je povzročil 5 µM mizoprostol, so bile debelejša čeljust, manjša površina očesa in večja razdalja od očesa do nosu. Nato smo na 96 ur starih larvah rib zebric izvedli optokinetični eksperiment z optokinetično rotacijsko napravo, ki običajno poveča gibanje oči pri vrtenju in ovrednotili učinke mizoprostola na sposobnost gibanje oči. Rezultati so pokazali, da 5 µM mizoprostol vpliva na očesno gibanje in povzroči okvaro optokinetičnega odziva, saj v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino, pri skupini izpostavljeni mizoprostolu ni prišlo do signifikantnega povečanja gibanja oči. Za proučevanje mehanizma delovanja mizoprostola smo uporabili antagonist tromboksanskih receptorjev. Zato so bile v obeh poskusih ribe izpostavljene tudi mizoprostolu in antagonistu tromboksanskega receptorja ICI-192605 hkrati. Koncentracija antagonista, ki smo jo uporabili v naših poskusih, je bila 12,5 µM, saj je bilo ugotovljeno, da pri tej koncentraciji ICI-192605 ne povzroča malformacij. Antagonist je zmanjšal morfološke malformacije v kraniofacialnem predelu, ni pa zmanjšal sprememb v optokinetičnem odzivu. Rezultati kažejo, da so tromboksanski receptorji vpleteni v delovanje mizoprostola na morfološke strukture; vendar pa bi bilo za potrditev mehanizma pri funkcionalnih okvarah potrebno opraviti še nadaljne raziskave.

Keywords:antagonist tromboksanskega receptorja ICI-192605, mizoprostol, Moebiusov sindrom, ribe zebrice, teratogenost, Danio rerio

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