Principi delovanja in možnosti uporabe nivojskih in tlačnih merilnih pretvornikov

Bister, Žan (author), Petkovšek, Marko (mentor)

V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni principi delovanja in možnosti uporabe nekaterih izmed najbolj pogosto uporabljenih nivojskih in tlačnih merilnih pretvornikov v industrijskem okolju. Osredotočil sem se na merilno opremo, ki je v prodajnem programu nemškega podjetja VEGA Grieshaber KG, enega izmed vodilnih proizvajalcev merilne opreme na svetu, čigar zastopnik v Sloveniji je podjetje, v katerem sem zaposlen. Podrobnejše je obravnavano področje radarskih merilnikov nivoja tekočin in trdnih snovi, katerih uporaba je zaradi velikega števila prednosti v primerjavi predvsem z ultrazvočnimi merilniki nivoja v zadnjih letih močno narasla ter še vedno raste. V nalogi je opisan princip delovanja tlačnih, kapacitivnih, nivojskih stikal in nukleonskih merilnikov. Tlačni merilniki se uporabljajo za meritev tlaka tekočin in par v cevovodih, za meritev tlaka v procesnih posodah in v nekaterih primerih tudi za merjenje nivoja tekočin. Kapacitivni merilniki se uporabljajo za zvezno ali točkovno meritev nivoja tekočin in trdnih snovi. Nivojska stikala se uporabljajo za točkovno meritev tekočin in trdnih snovi, omogočajo tudi krmiljenje črpalk, ventilov in drugih elementov. Nukleonski merilniki omogočajo meritev nivoja, gostote in pretoka tekočin in trdnih snovi v aplikacijah, kjer poseganje v proces ni možno ali zaželeno. V praktičnem delu diplomske naloge sem uporabil radarski merilnik VEGAPULS 64 za merjenje nivoja vode v sodu iz nerjavečega jekla. Cilj preizkusa je bil prikaz delovanja radarskega merilnika v različnih pogojih. Simuliral sem prisotnost umazanije, pene in vlage, rezultate pa nato primerjal z meritvijo v normalnih pogojih. Nivo sem meril v treh točkah, z razmakom po 10 cm. Rezultati meritev so predstavljeni v tabelah. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je radarski merilnik primeren za merjenje nivoja tekočine tudi v oteženih pogojih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: merjenje nivoja, merjenje tlaka, radar, tlačni merilnik.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148814
• COBISS.SI-ID: 163980035
• Publication date in RUL: 31.08.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Operation principles and application possibilities of level and pressure transducers

Abstract

The thesis presents the principles of operation and use of some of the most commonly used measurement transducers in the industrial environment. The focus is on measuring equipment that is part of the sales program of the German company VEGA Grieshaber KG, one of the world's leading manufacturers of measuring equipment, whose representative in Slovenia is the company where I am employed. The area of radar measurement sensors is discussed in detail, whose use has increased significantly in recent years due to the large number of advantages compared mainly to ultrasonic level sensors and continues to grow. The thesis describes the principles of operation of pressure transducers, capacitive transducers, level switches, and nucleonic sensors. Pressure sensors are used to measure the pressure of liquids and steam in pipelines, to measure the pressure in process vessels, and in some cases also to measure the level of liquids. Capacitive sensors are used for continuous or point level measurement of liquids and solids. Level switches are used for point level measurement of liquids and solids and also allow for control of pumps, valves, and other elements. Nucleonic sensors enable the measurement of level, density, and flow of liquids and solids in applications where intervention in the process is not possible or desirable. In the practical part of the thesis, the VEGAPULS 64 radar level sensor was used to measure the level of water in a stainless steel barrel. The aim of the test was to demonstrate the operation of the radar level meter under different conditions. The presence of dirt, foam, and moisture was simulated, and the results were compared to measurements taken under normal conditions. The level was measured at three points, spaced 10 cm apart. The results of the measurements are presented in tables. It was found that the radar level meter is suitable for measuring liquid level, even under difficult conditions.

• Keywords: level measurement, pressure measurement, radar, pressure transmitter.