Pomen nutrigenomike in nutrigenetike pri preprečevanju ter obravnavi srčno-žilnih bolezni

Pungartnik, Anja (author), Jamnik, Polona (mentor)

Iz rezultatov nutrigenetskih in nutrigenomskih raziskav, ki izhajajo iz literature, je razvidno, da hrana lahko vpliva na razvoj srčno-žilnih bolezni preko regulacije izražanja genov. Komponente hrane lahko delujejo kot ligandi za receptorje transkripcijskih faktorjev, lahko so substrati in intermediati ali pa delujejo kot signalne molekule. Na ta način lahko sodelujejo pri sintezi protivnetnih molekul, vazodilatorjev in hormonov ter vplivajo na celične delitve in diferenciacijo celic. V diplomski nalogi so predstavljene komponente hrane, ki imajo na podlagi raziskav največji vpliv na tveganje za razvoj srčno-žilnih bolezni. To so večkrat nenasičene maščobne kisline, polifenoli in vitamin D, ki vplivajo na izražanje različnih vzročnih genov. Bolezenski fenotipi so posledica interakcij med več geni in tudi ostalimi dejavniki tveganja, zato je pri preučevanju potreben pristop z uporabo multi-omik. Zaradi prisotnosti različnih alelov in mutacij, torej razlik v posameznikovem genskem zapisu, pa je pomemben tudi individualni pristop. Vpliv prehrane na pojav srčno-žilnih bolezni so potrdile tudi populacijske študije. S trenutnim znanjem nutrigenomike in nutrigenetike lahko uporabimo personalizirano prehrano kot orodje v preventivi in celo zdravljenju srčno-žilnih bolezni.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nutrigenomika, nutrigenetika, prehrana, genom, srčno-žilne bolezni
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148579
• COBISS.SI-ID: 162570755
• Publication date in RUL: 27.08.2023

PUNGARTNIK, Anja, 2023, Pomen nutrigenomike in nutrigenetike pri preprečevanju ter obravnavi srčno-žilnih bolezni [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=148579

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The importance of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

The results of nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic research, arising from the literature, show that food can influence the development of cardiovascular diseases through regulation of gene expression. Food components can act as ligands for transcription factor receptors, they can be substrates and intermediates, or they can act as signaling molecules. In this way, they can participate in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory molecules, vasodilators and hormones and influence cell division and cell differentiation. The thesis presents the food components that, based on research, have the greatest impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. These are polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamin D, which influence the expression of various causative genes. Disease phenotypes are the result of interactions between several genes as well as other risk factors, which is why a multi-omics approach is needed in studys. Due to the presence of different alleles and mutations, i.e. differences in an individual's genetic backgrounds, an individual approach is also important. Population studies have also confirmed the influence of diet on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. With the current knowledge of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, we can use personalized nutrition as a tool in the prevention and even treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

• Keywords: nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, nutrition, genome, cardiovascular diseases