Učinki nordijske hoje pri bolnikih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Kuliqi, Aurora (author), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Kovačič, Tine (reviewer)

Uvod: Parkinsonova bolezen je nevrodegenerativna bolezen, ki se razvija počasi in je povezana tako z motoričnimi kot nemotoričnimi simptomi. Le-ti se lahko pojavijo leta pred postavitvijo diagnoze. Med glavnimi motoričnimi simptomi so tremor v mirovanju, bradikinezija, rigidnost in posturalna nestabilnost. Zdravljenje se izvaja simptomatsko, z zdravili, ki lahko povzročijo številne stranske učinke. Nordijska hoja se je razvila na Finskem konec osemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja kot alternativna poletna dejavnost za nordijsko smučanje. Je enostavna, varna in učinkovita metoda za povečanje telesne dejavnosti pri starejših odraslih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na podlagi pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature ugotoviti, kakšni so učinki nordijske hoje pri bolnikih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Elektronsko iskanje literature je potekalo po podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed, Cochrane Library in PEDro, za obdobje od januarja 2013 do januarja 2023, s kombinacijo ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku: »nordic walking« AND »Parkinson's disease« AND »physical activity« AND »rehabilitation«. Rezultati: Na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev smo izbrali 6 raziskav, v katerih je sodelovalo skupno 189 preiskovancev, od tega jih je 181 raziskave uspešno zaključilo. Vadbeni programi so trajali od 4 do 12 tednov, dvakrat do petkrat tedensko, z vadbenimi enotami, ki so trajale od 45 do 75 minut. V vseh vključenih raziskavah so poročali o pozitivnih učinkih nordijske hoje na bolnike s Parkinsonovo boleznijo, pri čemer so ugotovili statistično pomembno izboljšanje ravnotežja in sposobnosti hoje. Statistično pomembno izboljšanje nemotoričnih simptomov so ugotovili v treh raziskavah, medtem ko je ena raziskava poročala o zmanjšanju zamrznitve med hojo. Razprava in zaključek: Nordijska hoja je lahko primerna oblika vadbe za bolnike s Parkinsonovo boleznijo, saj izboljša koordinacijo med zgornjimi in spodnjimi udi in s tem tudi ravnotežje pri zapletenih vsakodnevnih aktivnostih. Tako individualna kot tudi skupinska vadba nordijske hoje prinese učinkovite rezultate, čeprav skupinska dejavnost predstavlja dodaten motivacijski dejavnik. Za doseganje celovitih učinkov bi bilo priporočljivo kombinirati nordijsko hojo z drugimi oblikami vadbe, kar lahko dodatno pripomore k izboljšanju motoričnih sposobnosti in celotnega zdravja bolnikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, nordijska hoja, Parkinsonova bolezen, telesna dejavnost, rehabilitacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Kuliqi]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 25 str., [5] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148540
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 162649603
• Publication date in RUL: 26.08.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of nordic walking in patients with Parkinson's disease - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that develops slowly and is associated with motor and non-motor symptoms. These may appear several years before diagnosis. The main motor symptoms are resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Treatment is symptomatic, with medicines that can cause many side effects. Nordic walking was developed in Finland in the late 1980s as an alternative summer activity to nordic skiing. It is a simple, safe and effective method to increase physical activity in older adults. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to review the scientific literature to determine the effects of nordic walking in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: In the diploma work we used a descriptive method which included scientific research. Electronic literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library and PEDro, for the period from January 2013 to January 2023, using a combination of keywords: »Nordic walking« AND »Parkinson's disease« AND »physical activity« AND »rehabilitation«. Results: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 6 studies in which a total of 189 subjects participated, but 181 successfully completed the study. Training programs lasted from 4 to 12 weeks, two to five times per week, with training sessions lasting from 45 to 75 minutes. All included studies reported positive effects of Nordic walking on patients with Parkinson's disease, finding statistically significant improvements in balance and walking ability. A statistically significant improvement in non-motor symptoms was proven in three studies, while one study reported a reduction in freezing of gait. Discussion and conclusion: Nordic walking can be a suitable form of exercise for patients with Parkinson's disease, as it improves upper-lower limb coordination and thus balance in complex daily activities. Both individual and group exercise of Nordic walking bring effective results, although the group activitiy represents an additional motivational factor. In order to achieve comprehensive effects it would be advisable to combine Nordic walking with other forms of physical activity, which can further help to improve motor skills and the overall health of patients with Parkinson's disease.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nordic walking, Parkinson's disease, physical activity, rehabilitation