Mednarodnopravno varstvo oseb z invalidnostmi

Korenjak, Živa (author), Kovič Dine, Maša (mentor)

Osebe z invalidnostmi predstavljajo eno izmed najbolj ranljivih družbenih skupin, saj so pogosto med najrevnejšimi, nimajo možnosti za delo in polno sodelovanje v družbi, kar ustvarja ovire za njihovo blaginjo. Kljub temu da je že od nekdaj obstajalo zavedanje o njihovih posebnih potrebah, pa so bili obravnavani kot objekti dobrodelnosti, potrebni socialne pomoči in zdravstvene oskrbe. Aktiven razvoj za pravice oseb z invalidnostmi se je začel šele po drugi svetovni vojni, in sicer so se v okviru Organizacije združenih narodov začele pripravljati neobvezujoče deklaracije, kot sta Deklaracija o pravicah duševno prizadetih oseb in Deklaracija o pravicah invalidov, kasneje pa so bila sprejeta Standardna pravila za izenačevanje možnosti invalidov, ki so tlakovala pot Konvenciji o pravicah invalidov, kot prvemu mednarodnopravno zavezujočemu dokumentu s področja pravic oseb z invalidnostmi. Konvencija o pravicah invalidov v svojem bistvu skuša spremeniti način, kako so osebe z invalidnostjo sprejete v družbi in je neke vrste odziv mednarodne skupnosti na diskriminacijo in odnos družbe do oseb z invalidnostjo, prav tako pa daje podlago za ustanovitev Odbora za pravice invalidov, katerega najpomembnejša funkcija je obravnavanje sporočil posameznikov ali posameznih skupin in izdajanje splošnih komentarjev. Konvencija o pravicah invalidov in Odbor za pravice invalidov kljub kritikam in pravno nezavezujoči naravi izdanih mnenj igrata ključno vlogo na področju varstva pravic oseb z invalidnostmi, tako v mednarodni sferi kot v evropskem prostoru, saj sta s svojim nastankom in delovanjem vplivala tudi na odločanje Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice in Sodišča Evropske unije, ki nista mogla spregledati dejstva, da obstaja nov katalog pravic oseb z invalidnostmi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: invalid, osebe z invalidnostmi, opredelitev invalidnosti, Organizacija združenih narodov, Konvencija o pravicah invalidov, Odbor za pravice invalidov
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148097
• COBISS.SI-ID: 160939011
• Publication date in RUL: 27.07.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Protection of persons with disabilities in international law

Abstract

People with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable social groups, often among the poorest people, without opportunities to work and fully participate in society, creating barriers to their well-being. Despite the fact that there has always been an awareness of their special needs, they have been considered as objects of charity in need of social assistance and health care. It was only after the Second World War that active development for the rights of persons with disabilities began, namely within the framework of the United Nations, which played a major role with the drafting of non-binding declarations such as the Declaration on the Rights of the Mentally Retarded Persons and the Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons and later the adoption of the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, which paved the way for the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as the first internationally legally binding instrument on the rights of persons with disabilities. At its essence, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities seeks to change the way persons with disabilities are accepted in society and is a response by the international community to discrimination and societal attitudes towards persons with disabilities, and it also provides the basis for the establishment of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, whose most important function is to consider communications from individuals or groups and to issue general comments. Despite the criticism and the non-legally binding nature of the opinions issued, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities play a key role in the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, both in the international sphere and in the European arena, since their creation and functioning have influenced the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, which have not been able to ignore the fact that there is a new catalogue of the rights of persons with disabilities.

• Keywords: disabled persons, persons with disabilities, definition of disability, United Nations, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities