Doživljanje materinstva v prvem letu po porodu : magistrsko delo

Dretnik, Nuša (author), Poljšak-Škraban, Olga (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava temo doživljanja materinstva v prvem letu po porodu, torej v času materinskega dopusta. To je obdobje, v katerem mama največ časa sama preživi z otrokom in je s strani družbe, družine, prijateljev in same sebe deležna različnih pritiskov, kako se spoprijeti z novo vlogo. V teoretičnem delu predstavim spreminjanje ženske vloge in pogleda na materinstvo v zadnjih desetletjih, teorijo socialne primerjave, mite materinstva, podporno mrežo, intenzivno materinstvo, poporodne duševne stiske in starševski stres. V empiričnem delu me bo zanimalo, kako vsi ti dejavniki vplivajo na doživljanje materinstva. Kaj se z mamo v tem obdobju dogaja, kakšne stiske doživlja, kdo ji je v oporo, kako dojema in sprejema družbene norme materinstva, kakšen ima pogled na pojem dobra mama in kaj bi v tem obdobju najbolj potrebovala. Pri šestih ženskah, ki imajo prvega otroka, starega do dveh let, raziščem njihovo doživljanje materinstva v prvem letu v povezavi z navedenimi temami. Za raziskovanje teme sem uporabila delno strukturiran intervju, saj sem na ta način prišla do najbolj poglobljenih rezultatov. Pridobljene podatke sem analizirala najprej z odprtim kodiranjem in nato s kodami višjega reda. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da se ženske v prvem letu po porodu soočajo z različnimi stiskami. Predstave o materinstvu si z branjem literature, s tečaji in sledenjem materinskih tem na socialnih omrežjih ustvarijo že pred porodom. Pričakovanja so v večini primerov idealizirana in jim je nemogoče slediti. Srečujejo se z občutki nemoči, duševnimi stiskami in stresom. Veliko k izvoru teh občutkov pripomorejo pritiski družbe, ki ženskam diktira, kako naj se v vlogi matere obnašajo. V poporodnem obdobju so novim materam v največjo oporo partnerji in ožja družina. Glavne ugotovitve kažejo, da sogovornice socialna omrežja v veliki večini doživljajo kot pritisk in stres in da bi za boljše počutje v času porodniškega dopusta potrebovale predvsem več podpore in razumevanja tudi širše družbe. Zaradi tega se mi zdi pomembno, da se novim mamam ponudi prostor, kjer lahko govorijo o vseh svojih stiskah. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da so ženske v času poporodnega obdobja zelo obremenjene. Poleg prilagajanja na novo vlogo se obremenjujejo z ideali, povezanimi z materinstvom, ki so predstavljeni v družbi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: materinstvo, stiske, podpora, pritisk družbe, socialna primerjava, idealizacija materinstva
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: N. Dretnik
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 66 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-147824
• UDC: 316(043.2)
• DOI: 20.500.12556/RUL-147824
• COBISS.SI-ID: 158923267
• Publication date in RUL: 13.07.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Experiencing Motherhood in the First Year After Childbirth

Abstract

The master’s thesis addresses the topic of experiencing motherhood in the first year after childbirth so during the period of maternity leave. This is a period in which the mother spends the most time alone with the baby and she is the subject to various pressures from society, family, friends and herself. Of how to cope with the new role. The theoretical part of thesis presents the changing role of women and the perception of motherhood in recent decades, social comparison theory, myths of motherhood, support network, intensive mothering, postpartum mental distress and parental stress. In the empirical part of the thesis I am interested in how all these factors influence the experience of motherhood. What is happening to women during this period, what challenges they are facing, who supports them, how do they perceive and accept social norms of motherhood, what do they think a good mother is and what do they need the most during that period of time. I explored experiences of motherhood in the first year after childbirth in six women, who had a first child aged up to two years. I used a partially structured interview for data collection as it allowed me to obtain the most in depth results. The obtained data was analyzed using open coding. The results of the study show that women face various challenges in the first year after childbirth. Expectations about motherhood are often idealized and difficult to meet. They are shaped by reading literature connected to motherhood, by attending courses and following motherhood related topics on social media before giving birth. Mothers often experience feelings of helplessness, mental distress and stress. The pressure from society that dictate how women should behave in the role of the mother contribute significantly to the origin of these feelings. In the postpartum period partners and immediate family are the main source of support for the new mothers. The main finds of thesis indicate that social media is perceived as source of pressure and stress in majority of cases by the participants. They need more support and understanding from broader society for better wellbeing during maternity leave. Therefore, it is important to provide a space for new mothers to talk about their feelings and challenges that they are facing. The results of the study show that women are highly burdened during the postpartum period. In addition to adjusting to the new role they are faces with societal ideals associated with motherhood.

• Keywords: motherhood, difficulties, support, societal pressure, social comparison and idealization of motherhood