TRENDI IN IZZIVI V POMORSKI LOGISTIKI

Urošević, Nikola (author), Twrdy, Elen (mentor)

V današnji družbi, kjer vlada kapitalizem, je potreba po čim večjem dobičku vedno večja. Globalizacija nam je omogočila enostaven nakup velikega števila različnih izdelkov in surovin na spletu iz Kitajske in drugih držav po zelo ugodnih cenah. Zaradi teh potreb je vse večja in prisotna odvisnost od globalizacije, kar se je najbolje pokazalo med pandemijo COVID-19, ko so morali številni proizvajalci v Evropi in Ameriki zaradi zaprtja tovarn v Aziji začasno prekiniti svoje delovanje. Z naraščajočim vplivom globalizacije se potreba po prevozu blaga nenehno povečuje. Blago se prevaža na različne načine, z uporabo različnih načinov prevoza. Pomorski promet je s približno 80-odstotnim deležem najpogostejši promet. Zaradi velike kapacitete ladij je cena prevoženega kilometra bistveno nižja v primerjavi z drugimi načini prevoza. Po drugi strani pa je pomorski promet najpočasnejša oblika transporta. Z dobrim načrtovanjem proizvodnje in prodaje se kupci temu problemu izognejo. Zaradi velikega pomena pomorskega prometa v svetovnem gospodarstvu obstaja potreba po nenehnem izboljševanju obstoječih sistemov. Glede na to, da je pomorska logistika v največji meri odvisna od dveh glavnih elementov sistema, in sicer ladij in morskih pristanišč, največ pozornosti namenjamo izboljšavi teh enot. Magistrsko delo obravnava različne trende in izzive, ki se pojavljajo pri izboljšavah obstoječih sistemov v pomorski logistiki. Zajetih je vrsta različnih trendov, ki se pojavljajo v različnih enotah pomorske logistike. Analizirani so bili najpomembnejši trendi v razvoju pomorskih ladij, kontejnerskih pristanišč in drugih trendov, povezanih s pomorsko logistiko. Trendi, ki smo jih analizirali in s katerimi izzivi smo se seznanili, so: velikost kontejnerskih ladij, ladje z novimi tipi pogonov, pametna pristanišča, zelena pristanišča, zaledna pristanišča, nove transportne poti in boljša izkoriščenost skladiščnega prostora. Izvedena je bila tudi analiza kontejnerskega prometa v desetih najbolj obremenjenih pristaniščih Kitajske, Evrope in Združenih držav Amerike, katere cilj je bil utemeljiti potrebo po pisanju tovrstnega dela. Na koncu smo podali svoje mnenje o vsakem trendu posebej, kot tudi o medsebojni povezanosti vseh omenjenih trendov. Poleg tega smo podali mnenje o prihodnosti pomorskega prometa in samem procesu globalizacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pomorska logistika, transportna veriga, transport, trendi, izzivi, kontejnerske ladje, kontejnerska pristanišča, zaledna pristanišča, pametna pristanišča, zelena pristanišča, globalizacija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-147700
• Publication date in RUL: 12.07.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN MARITIME LOGISTICS

Abstract

In today's society, where capitalism rules, the need to maximize profits is ever greater. Globalization has enabled us to easily buy a large number of different products and raw materials online from China and other countries at very affordable prices. From these needs, the dependence on globalization is increasing and present, which could best be seen during the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus when, due to the closing of factories in Asia, a large number of manufacturers in Europe and America had to temporarily suspend their operations. With the increasing influence of globalization, the need for the transportation of goods is constantly increasing. Goods are transported in different ways, using different modes of transport. Maritime transport, with about 80% share, is the most common form of transport. Due to the large capacity of the ships, the price per traveled kilometer is significantly lower compared to other modes of transport. On the other hand, maritime transport is the slowest form of transport. By planning production and sales well, buyers can avoid this problem. Due to the great importance of maritime transport in the global economy, there is a need for constant improvement of existing systems. Given that maritime logistics depends to the greatest extent on two main elements of the system, namely ships and seaports, the greatest attention is paid to the improvement of these units. This master's thesis examines various trends and challenges that arise when improving existing systems in maritime logistics. A number of different trends, which occur in different units of maritime logistics, have been covered. The most important trends in the development of maritime ships, container docks, as well as other trends related to maritime logistics were analyzed. The trends that were analyzed and whose challenges we were introduced to are: the size of container ships, ships with new types of propulsion, smart ports, green ports, dry ports, new transport routes and better utilization of storage space. Also, an analysis of container transport in the ten busiest ports of China, Europe and the United States of America was carried out, the aim of which was to justify the need for writing such a paper. Finally, we gave our opinion on each trend individually, as well as on the mutual connection of all the mentioned trends. In addition, we gave an opinion on the future of maritime transport and the process of globalization itself.

• Keywords: maritime logistics, supply chain, transport, trends, challenges, container vessels, container port, dry ports, smart ports, green ports, globalization