Darumashū’s role in the teachings of Dōgen of the Sōtō school of Zen

Košutić, Maja (author), Culiberg, Luka (mentor)

Prvo gibanje šole zen budizma na Japonskem, ki se je ločilo od šole tendai, se je pojavilo z nekdanjim pripadnikom ločine tendai, menihom Nōninom, in njegovo šolo zen budizma darumashū v obdobju Kamakura. Ta šola za razliko od drugih šol tistega časa ni neposredno izvirala iz Kitajske, njeni nauki pa so se precej razlikovali od ortodoksnega »čistega« zena kitajskih patriarhov. To je bil eden od razlogov, zakaj je bila šola darumashū prepovedana leta 1194, ko je začela postajati vse bolj priljubljena na Japonskem. Menihe so kritizirali in celo preganjali, zato so bili prisiljeni zapustiti številne templje, v katerih so pred tem našli zatočišče. Ko je Dōgen ustanovil svojo prvo zenovsko skupnost na Japonskem, so se mu pridružili pripadniki šole darumashū. Ko se je skupnost preselila višje v gore, so ji učenci te šole sledili. Menihi šole darumashū so bili uspešni pod Dōgenovim vodstvom, prvim patriarhom šole sōtō zena na Japonskem. To magistrsko delo analizira razvoj šole sōtō na Japonskem skozi oči zloglasne šole darumashū in njenega skrivnostnega ustanovitelja Nōnina. Pod predpostavko, da je bila šola darumashū temelj japonskega budizma sōtō, naloga obravnava korenine šole darumashū, njene spise in menihe. Te spise primerjamo z Dōgenovimi spisi in spisi menihov šole darumashū, ki so delovali pod Dōgenom. Cilj je razkriti vpliv, ki ga je šola darumashū pustila na Dōgenovi misli.

• Language: English
• Keywords: darumashū, Dōgen, zen, Kamakura, budizem
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Košutić]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 51 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-147102
• Publication date in RUL: 23.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: Japanese
• Title: 曹洞宗の道元の教えにおける達磨宗の役割

Abstract

The first Zen movement in Japan separate from the Tendai school, appeared in the Kamakura period with an ex-Tendai monk Nōnin and his Zen school Darumashū. The school had no Chinese lineage, and its teachings differed from the contemporary orthodox Zen of the Chinese patriarchs. This was one of the reasons why Darumashū school was prohibited in 1194 when it started gaining popularity in Japan. Monks were persecuted and criticised, and many were forced to flee temples where they had sought refuge. Because of this, the Darumashū monks joined Dōgen once he established his first community in Japan. Once the community moved into the mountains, the Darumashū pupils followed. Darumashū monks prospered under Dōgen, the first patriarch of Sōtō Zen in Japan. This thesis analyses the evolution of Sōtō school in Japan through the eyes of the notorious Darumashū and its evasive establisher Nōnin. Under the presupposition that Darumashū was the basis of Japanese Sōtō, the thesis looks at Darumashū’s roots, monks, and its manuscripts, which are compared to Dōgen’s own. The thesis aims to analyse the influence Darumashū has left on Dōgen.

• Keywords: Darumashū, Dōgen, Zen, Kamakura, Buddhism