Celostna skrb za duševno zdravje starejših v času pandemije COVID-19 : diplomsko delo

Rus, Maruša (author), Lapanja, Aljoša (mentor), Thaler, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Decembra 2019 so v mestu Wuhan na Kitajskem poročali o izbruhu nove bolezni – COVID-19. Virus se je hitro razširil po svetu in 12. marca 2020 je SZO razglasila pandemijo. Preventivni ukrepi, ki so predvsem temeljili na socialni izolaciji so močno vplivali na duševno zdravje starejših. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bilo ugotoviti učinek pandemije COVID-19 na duševno zdravje starejših in opredeliti varovalne dejavnike in dejavnike tveganja na duševno zdravje starejših v času pandemije COVID-19. Metode dela: Uporabljana je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne tuje literature s področja pandemije COVID-19 in njenim vplivom na starejše. Literaturo smo iskali preko podatkovne baze PubMed. V pregled in analizo je bilo vključenih 12 enot literature, ki smo jih kratko predstavili v tabeli in z njimi odgovorili na raziskovalna vprašanja. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da je imela pandemija COVID-19 negativni vpliv na duševno zdravje starejših. Najpogosteje so se starejši soočali s strahom pred okužbo, kroničnim stresom, porastom simptomov depresije in anksioznosti in osamljenostjo. Najpomembnejši dejavnik tveganja za poslabšanje duševnega zdravja pa je bila socialna izolacija. Po pregledu raziskav smo ugotovili, da so bile ženske in starejši, ki so živeli sami bolj dovzetni za poslabšanje duševnega zdravja. V raziskavah, kjer so udeležencem aktivno pomagali pri soočanju s spremembami, ki jih je prinesla pandemija, pa se je izkazalo, da se duševno zdravje anketirancev ni poslabšalo, ali pa se je celo izboljšalo. Razprava in zaključek: Starejši spadajo med ranljivejšo populacijo, saj so zaradi svoje krhkosti v telesnem in duševnem smislu bolj dovzetni za samo okužbo s COVID-19 in poslabšanje duševnega zdravja. Pandemija COVID-19 nas je prisilila v socialno izolacijo, zaradi katere so starejši bili izolirani od svojcev in prijateljev in imeli omejen dostop do zdravstvenih storitev ter spremenjeno dnevno rutino, kar pa je pri marsikaterem starejšem pripeljalo do osamljenosti, depresije in anksioznosti. Zagotovo bi bilo potrebno v takšnih razmerah, kot jih je povzročila pandemija COVID-19 starejšim posvetiti več pozornosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, novi koronavirus, starostniki, duševne motnje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Rus]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 24 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146850
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 155730435
• Publication date in RUL: 15.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comprehensive care for mental health of elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In December 2019, a new outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. The virus spread rapidly around the world and on 12 March 2020, the WHO declared a pandemic. Preventive measures, mainly based on social isolation, have had a major impact on the mental health of the elderly. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of older people and to identify protective and risk factors on the mental health of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used by reviewing the foreign literature on the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on older people. The literature was searched through the PubMed database. The review and analysis included 12 units of literature, which are briefly presented in the table and used to answer the research questions. Results: The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of older people. The most common symptoms experienced by older people were fear of infection, chronic stress, increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, and loneliness. However, the most important risk factor for deteriorating mental health was social isolation. After reviewing the research, we found that women and older people who lived alone were more susceptible to mental health deterioration. However, in studies where participants were actively helped to cope with the changes brought about by the pandemic, it appeared that respondents' mental health did not deteriorate, or even improved. Discussion and conclusion: The elderly were among the more vulnerable population, as their physical and mental frailty made them more susceptible to COVID-19 infection itself and to deterioration in mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us into social isolation, which has isolated older people from family and friends, limited their access to health services and altered their daily routines, leading to loneliness, depression and anxiety in many older people. Certainly, in a situation such as that caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, more attention should be paid to the elderly.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, new coronavirus, elderlies, mental disorders