Vpliv Wim Hofove dihalne tehnike na srčno-žilni, dihalni in presnovni odziv zdravih odraslih preiskovancev med obremenitvenim testiranjem : diplomsko delo

Dolinar, Manca (author), Potočnik, Nejka (mentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Pri metodi dihanja po Wim Hofu (WHD) gre za kombinacijo hiperventilacije, ki ji sledi apneja pri rezidualnem volumnu do trenutka, ko preiskovanec ne zmore več zavreti fiziološke potrebe po vdihu. Metoda naj bi pripomogla k doseganju boljših rezultatov v športu. Namen: V okviru diplomske naloge smo ugotavljali, kako WHD vpliva na fiziološki odziv telesa na test maksimalne aerobne zmogljivosti (TMAZ), če WHD izvedemo tik pred TMAZ (WHD) v primerjavi z odzivom na TMAZ brez WHD (kontrolna meritev). Metode dela: V navzkrižni raziskavi je sodelovalo 14 preiskovancev. Vsak je opravil kontrolno in WHD meritev. Preiskovanci so WHD izvajali po navodilih mobilne aplikacija s protokolom: 30 globokih ritmičnih vdihov in izdihov (hiperventilacija), zadržanje diha po izdihu dokler posameznik zdrži, globok vdih in zadržanje diha za 15 sekund, kar se trikrat ponovi. TMAZ smo izvajali na cikloergometru s povečevanjem obremenitwe 30W/min. S sistemom Cosmed Quark PFT smo spremljali nekatere srčne, dihalne in presnovne parametre pred in med TMAZ: srčno frekvenco, delna tlaka kisika in CO2 na koncu izdiha (petO2 in petCO2), porabo kisika (V ˙O2), nastajanje CO2 (V ˙CO2), pljučno ventilacijo (VE), porabo kisika na W obremenitve v aerobnem območju (V ˙O2/WR) ter druge izpeljane parametre. Po končanih meritvah so preiskovanci ocenili občutek napora po Borgovi lestvici. Pri statistični obdelavi smo uporabili faktorsko ANOVA za ponovljene meritve, za statistične razlike smo upoštevali vrednosti p < 0,05. Rezultati: Dokazali smo pozitivne učinke enkratne izvedbe WHD pred TMAZ na V ˙O2/WR ter na subjektivni občutek napora. Preiskovanci so na W porabili manj kisika pri WHD v primerjavi s kontrolno meritvijo (p = 0,016), WDH obremenitev pa so opisali kot subjektivno lažjo v primerjavi s kontrolo (p = 0,015). Razprava in zaključek: Športniki na račun predhodne hiperventilacije v kombinaciji z apnejo subjektivno lažje prenašajo kratkotrajne obremenitve do maksimalne aerobne kapacitete. Manjši V ˙O2/WR po WHD je lahko pozitivna ali negativna adaptacija, ki pomeni bodisi optimizirano porabo kisika za mišično delo ali pa nezmožnost normalne dobave kisika v mišice. Omejitev študije je majhno število preiskovancev, študijo pa bi lahko nadaljevali na populaciji srčno-žilnih ali respiratornih bolnikov. V fizioterapiji bi bila WHD lahko pomembna strategija pri izvajanju telesne vadbe bolnikov, ki zaradi subjektivnega občutka napora s telesno aktivnostjo prenehajo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, hiperventilacija, apneja, dihanje po Wim Hofu, aerobni telesni napor, poraba kisika na enoto napora, subjektivno občutenje napora
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Dolinar]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 52 str., [1] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146748
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 155305219
• Publication date in RUL: 10.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of Wim Hof breathing on the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic response during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy adults : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Wim-Hof breathing (WHB) combines periods of hyperventilation (HV) followed by voluntary breath holding (BH) at low lung volumes until one can hold it. It is increasingly used by recreational and professional athletes to improve physical performance. Purpose: We compared the acute metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory response to the maximal aerobic capacity test (MACT) after WHB with the response to the MAPT after spontaneous breathing. Methods: Fourteen healthy recreational athletes participated in our crossover study. After baseline measurements, the MAPT was performed with a randomly selected breathing pattern applied immediately prior to exercise: spontaneous breathing (control) or WHB. For WHB, participants followed the breathing instructions of the mobile application of the WHB method: HV (30 deep breaths), BH, and deep inhalation held for 15 seconds, repeated three times. The Cosmed Quark PFT system was used to measure various cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic parameters before and during MAPT: heart rate, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen (PetCO2 and PetO2), oxygen consumption (V ̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V ̇CO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), workload and derived parameters such as the ratio of V ̇O2 to workload before reaching the anaerobic threshold (V ̇O2/WR slope), ventilatory equivalents, oxygen pulse. Participants rated their perception of exertion (RPE) during MAPT. ANOVA for repeated measures was performed and p < 0.05 was considered evident for significant differences between the two trials. Results: Analysis showed positive effects of WHB practice prior to MAPT on V ̇O2/WR slope and RPE. We found lower V ̇O2/WR slope during WHB trial compared to control (p = 0.016) and lower RPE after WHB compared to control (p = 0.015). Discussion and Conclusion: Our results suggest that athletes may benefit from performing WHB pre- exercise as less physical exertion is perceived compared to no WHB. A lower V ̇O2/WR slope after WHB may be either a positive or negative adaptation to WHB: it may represent better oxygen uptake efficiency or lower oxygen availability in active muscles. A limitation of our study was the small number of participants. In physical therapy, WHB could be a key strategy to keep patients with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases who usually stop physical activity due to the great RPE. Therefore, we would like to extend the study to patients with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, hyperventilation, Wim Hof breathing, aerobic physical strain, oxygen consumption at work rate, subjective rated perceived exertion