The efficiency of geodetic and low-cost GNSS devices in urban kinematic terrestrial positioning in terms of the trajectory generated by MMS

Viler, Filip (author), Cefalo, Raffaela (author), Sluga, Tatiana (author), Snider, Paolo (author), Pavlovčič Prešeren, Polona (author)

The quality of geospatial data collection depends, among other things, on the reliability and efficiency of the GNSS receivers or even better integrated GNSS/INS systems used for positioning. High-precision positioning is currently not only the domain of professional receivers but can also be achieved by using simple devices, including smartphones. This research focused on the quality of 2D and 3D kinematic positioning of different geodetic and low-cost GNSS devices, using the professional mobile mapping system (MMS) as a reference. Kinematic positioning was performed simultaneously with a geodetic Septentrio AsteRx-U receiver, two u-blox receivers—ZED-F9P and ZED-F9R—and a Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone and then compared with an Applanix Corporation GPS/INS MMS reference trajectory. The field tests were conducted in urban and non-urban environments with and without obstacles, on road sections with large manoeuvres and curves, and under overpasses and tunnels. Some general conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the different scenarios. As expected, some results in GNSS positioning are subject to position losses, large outliers and multipath effects; however, after removing them, they are quite promising, even for the Xiaomi Mi8 smartphone. From the comparison of the GPS and GNSS solutions, as expected, GNSS processing achieved many more solutions for position determination and allowed a relevant higher number of fixed ambiguities, even if this was not true in general for the Septentrio AsteRx-U, in particular in a surveyed non-urban area with curves and serpentines characterised by a reduced signal acquisition. In GNSS mode, the Xiaomi Mi8 smartphone performed well in situations with a threshold of less than 1 m, with the percentages varying from 50% for the urban areas to 80% for the non-urban areas, which offers potential in view of future improvements for applications in terrestrial navigation.

• Language: English
• Keywords: geodesy, GNSS/INS sensors, smartphone Xiaomi Mi8, kinematic-trajectory acquisition, u-blox ZED-F9P, u-blox ZED-F9R, mobile mapping system, MMS
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 27 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 15, iss. 4, art. 957
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146414
• UDC: 528
• ISSN on article: 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs15040957
• COBISS.SI-ID: 141831171
• Publication date in RUL: 31.05.2023

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Remote sensing
• Shortened title: Remote sens.
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2072-4292
• COBISS.SI-ID: 32345133

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: geodezija, senzorji GNSS/INS, pametni telefon Xiaomi Mi8, določitev kinematične trajektorije, u-blox ZED-F9P, u-blox ZED-F9R, mobilni kartirni sistem, MMS

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0227
• Name: Geoinformacijska infrastruktura in trajnostni prostorski razvoj Slovenije