Primerjava učinkovitosti vadbenih programov pri obravnavi oseb z idiopatsko adolescenčno skoliozo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Čeh, Anastazija (author), Hlebš, Sonja (mentor), Ipavec, Matej (comentor), Jakovljević, Miroljub (reviewer)

Uvod: Idiopatska adolescenčna skolioza je najpogostejša oblika tridimenzionalne deformacije hrbtenice, pri kateri je kot po Cobbu, izmerjen v stoječem položaju osebe na rentgenskem posnetku, enak ali večji od 10°. Zdravljenje je lahko konservativno z različnimi vadbenimi programi, operativno ali z uporabo ortoz. Namen: Primerjava učinkov različnih vadbenih programov pri osebah z idiopatsko adolescenčno skoliozo. Metode dela: Uporabljen je bil pregled literature v elektronskih podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in PEDro. Iskanje je bilo omejeno na angleške članke. Raziskave, uporabljene za analizo, ki niso bile starejše od 10 let, so bile metodološko ovrednotene po lestvici PEDro. Rezultati: Analiziranih je bilo šest raziskav s povprečno metodološko oceno po PEDro lestvici 7,7. V treh raziskavah so proučevali učinkovitost Schroth metode, v eni so jo primerjali s tehnikami proprioceptivne nevromišične facilitacije in v dveh v kombinaciji s standardno fizioterapevtsko obravnavo. V dveh so proučevali učinkovitost izvajanja znanstvenega vadbenega pristopa k skoliozi in ga primerjali z izvajanjem osnovnih vaj ter s skupino, ki ni prejemala nobene terapije. V eni raziskavi so primerjali v dejavnost usmerjeno vadbo s temelji ergonomije, kombinirano z vajami za krepitev hrbtnih mišic, aktivnimi samokorekcijskimi in dihalnimi vajami z vadbenim programom. V vseh raziskavah so ugotovili značilno zmanjšan Cobbov kot in rotacijski kot trupa ter pomembno izboljšanje pljučne funkcije preiskovancev. Zaključek: Učinkovito obliko konservativnega zdravljenja oseb z idiopatsko adolescenčno skoliozo predstavljajo za skoliozo specifične fizioterapevtske vaje. Poleg pravilnega izbora vaj je pomembna doslednost posameznika, da redno samostojno izvaja predpisan vadbeni protokol, saj se s tem hitreje doseže napredek zdravljenja, zaradi katerega se oseba z večjo verjetnostjo izogne zdravljenju z ortozo. V raziskavah je bilo moč zaslediti nekatere načine, kako mladostnika spodbuditi k vadbi: ozaveščanje, spremljanje in motiviranje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, idiopatska adolescenčna skolioza, konservativno zdravljenje, za skoliozo specifične fizioterapevtske vaje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Čeh]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 34 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146340-c0ec805e-105a-bedf-62f1-68bc0ec73993
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 153217283
• Publication date in RUL: 24.05.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of effectiveness of exercise programs in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of three-dimensional spinal deformity in which the Cobb angle is equal to or greater than 10⁰, measured on an X-ray in the standing position. Treatment can be conservative with different exercise programs and orthotic treatment or with surgical intervention. Purpose: The goal of the thesis was to compare the effects of different exercise programs on subjects affected by adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methodology: The literature review was carried out using bibliographic databases (PubMed and PEDro). The research was confined to articles in English; the studies used in the thesis were no more than 10 years old. They were rated using the PEDro scale. Results: Six studies were reviewed and evaluated using the PEDro scale with a mean score of 7.7. Three studies have examined the efficacy of the Schroth method, one has compared it with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques and two in combination with a physiotherapeutic standard of care. Two investigated the effectiveness of a scientific exercise approach to scoliosis by comparing it to general exercises and observation. One study compared task-oriented exercises based on ergonomics in combination with spinal strengthening exercises, active self-correction and breathing exercises. In all studies, there was a significant decrease in the Cobb angle, the rotation angle of the trunk, and a significant improvement in the results of the subjects' pulmonary function tests. Conclusion: Physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises are an effective form of conservative treatment for subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In addition to the correct selection of exercises, it is important that the individual is consistent with following prescribed exercise protocol, as this will result in faster treatment progress, making it more likely that the person will avoid orthotic treatment. Research has identified a number of ways to encourage adolescents to exercise: education, monitoring and motivation.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, conservative treatment, physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises