Raziskave lesa s kolišč Črešnja pri Bistri, Verd in Stare gmajne na Ljubljanskem barju

Koželj, Vid (author), Merela, Maks (mentor), Čufar, Katarina (co-mentor)

Raziskali smo 59 vzorcev arheološkega lesa iz nekdanjih koliščarskih naselbin Verd, Črešnja pri Bistri in Stare gmajne, pridobljenih na podlagi treh arheoloških izkopavanj na Ljubljanskem barju v letu 2021. Cilji diplomskega dela so bili makroskopska in mikroskopska identifikacija lesa ter dendrokronološko in radiokarbonsko datiranje. Les z najdišča Verd smo identificirali kot les jelše (Alnus glutinsa), vrbe (Salix sp.), jesena (Fraxinus sp.) in bukve (Fagus sylvatica). Radiokarbonska datacija je pokazala, da je bilo kolišče poseljeno okrog leta 4700 pr. n. št. in je poleg kolišča Resnikov prekop najstarejša znana naselbina na Ljubljanskem barju. Na najdišču Črešnja smo identificirali les jesena (Fraxinus sp.), bukve (Fagus sylvatica), hrasta (Quercus sp.) in gabra (Carpinus betulus). Dendrokronološki datiranji za vzorca hrasta (3450 pr. n. št.) in jesena (3482 pr. n. št.) sta pokazali, da je bil les posekan v obdobju, ko je bila poseljena predhodno raziskana naselbina, en vzorec bukve pa glede na radiokarbonsko datacijo spada v 1647 ± 95 kal. pr. n. št. in je bistveno mlajši. Na sondi Stare gmajne je prevladoval les topola (Populus sp.), leske (Corylus avellana) in jesena (Fraxinus sp.). Dendrokronološka datacija zaradi slabe ohranjenosti lesa in majhnega števila branik ni bila možna.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Ljubljansko barje, arheološki les, dendrokronologija, radiokarbonsko datiranje, Stare gmajne, Črešnja pri Bistri, Verd, koliščarsko naselje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [V. Koželj]
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145781
• UDC: 630*561.24
• COBISS.SI-ID: 152124419
• Publication date in RUL: 14.05.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Research of wood of the pile dwelling settlements Črešnja pri Bistri, Verd and Stare gmajne on Ljubljansko barje

Abstract

An analysis of 59 archaeological wood samples from excavation sites of the prehistoric settlements Stare gmajne, Verd and Črešnja pri Bistri on Ljubljansko barje (the Ljubljana marshes) was carried out. The samples came from three excavations that took place in 2021. The aim of this project was to identify the wood samples macroscopically and microscopically and to date them using dendrochronological and radiocarbon analyses. Samples from the Verd site were identified as black alder (Alnus glutinosa), willow (Salix sp.), ash (Fraxinus sp.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). An ash sample was dated to 4700 BCE, using the radiocarbon method, making Verd one of the oldest known prehistoric settlements in Ljubljansko barje. The samples from the Črešnja pri Bistri site were identified as ash (Fraxinus sp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus sp.) and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). Dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating of an oak sample (3450 BCE) and an ash sample (3482 BCE) confirmed that the wood originated from the previously investigated settlement. One of the samples was dated to 1647 ± 95 BCE, and is thus considerably younger than the known site of Črešnja pri Bistri. The examination of the wood species from the Stare gmajne site revealed a high proportion of poplar (Populus sp.), hazel (Corylus avellana) and ash. Dendrochronological dating was not possible due to poor preservation.

• Keywords: Ljubljana Marshes, archaeological wood, dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating, settlement Stare gmajne, settlement Črešnja pri Bistri, Verd, pile dwelling