Izzivanje bruhanja v prvi pomoči pri zastrupitvah : diplomsko delo

Dolenc, Eva (author), Slabe, Damjan (mentor), Brvar, Miran (comentor), Jereb, Gregor (reviewer)

Uvod: Zastrupitev je klinično stanje, ki se pojavi, ko je človeško telo izpostavljeno strupenim snovem, kar posledično povzroči okvaro organizma. Najpogosteje se zastrupimo s snovmi, ki so pogosto prisotne v vsakdanjem življenju, to so: alkohol, čistila, zdravila, rastline in podobno. Mnogokrat je ravno laična prva pomoč najpomembnejša, saj lahko s pravilnim in hitrim ukrepanjem pri hudih akutnih zastrupitvah ublažimo posledice ali celo rešimo življenje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kakšno je znanje anketiranih o izzivanju bruhanja kot ukrepu prve pomoči pri zastrupitvah. Cilja diplomskega dela sta predstaviti, kakšni so doktrinarni napotki glede izzivanja bruhanja v okviru prve pomoči pri zastrupitvah ter ugotoviti, ali anketirani poznajo smernice za izzivanje bruhanja kot ukrep prve pomoči pri zastrupitvah. Metode dela: V teoretičnem delu je bil narejen pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku o obravnavani tematiki. Strokovno literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah COBIB.SI, CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, ter v spletnem portalu DiKuL. V empiričnem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno neeksperimentalno metodo dela. Zbiranje podatkov je potekalo s pomočjo odprtokodne aplikacije za izdelavo anket 1KA. Pridobljene podatke smo obdelali s pomočjo Microsoft Excela 2019. Rezultati: Na anketni vprašalnik je v celoti odgovorilo 209 anketirancev. 72,2 % jih ve, da morajo v primeru nudenja prve pomoči zastrupljenemu poklicati številko 112. Med najpogostejše znake zastrupitve so anketiranci navedli slabost (n = 146), bruhanje (n = 144) in bledo, potno, hladno kožo (n = 119). Trditev, da se izzivanje bruhanja pri zastrupitvah izvaja le po predhodnem posvetu z zdravnikom, če je zastrupljenec priseben in sodeluje, je izbralo 77,5 % anketirancev. Razprava in zaključek: Sodelujoči v anketi v večini poznajo aktualne smernice za izzivanje bruhanja kot ukrepa prve pomoči pri zastrupitvah, vendar si je treba tudi v prihodnje prizadevati za ozaveščanje splošne javnosti o preventivi, prepoznavi in prvi pomoči pri zastrupitvah, saj gre za zelo kompleksen javnozdravstveni problem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, strupene snovi, intoksikacija, smernice za prvo pomoč, kemične snovi, toksični pripravki, izzivanje bruhanja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [E. Dolenc]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 25 str., [7] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145586
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 150118915
• Publication date in RUL: 23.04.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Induced vomiting in first aid treatment at poisonings : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Poisoning is a clinical condition that occurs when the human body is exposed to toxic substances, which results in body damaging. The most common agents of poisoning are substances that we can use everyday, such as alcohol, detergents, drugs, plants, etc. In many cases first aid by layperson is particularly the most important. Taking measures on time and choosing the right actions can mitigate the consequences or even save lives in cases of severe acute poisoning. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to determine the knowledge of the respondents about induced vomiting in first aid treatment at poisonings. The aims of the work are to present the medical guidelines for induced vomiting and to determine whether the respondents are aware of the guidelines for induction of vomiting in the poisoning treatment. Methods: In the theoretical part, we made a review of professional and scientific literature in Slovenian and English language. We searched for the literature in the databases COBIB. SI, CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, and the DiKuL web portal. A quantitative, non-experimental method was used for the empirical part. Data were collected by using the open-source survey application 1KA and they were processed using Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: The questionnaire was fully answered by 209 respondents. 72.2 % know that they should call 112 if they need first aid for poisoned person. Respondents answered that most common signs of poisoning are nausea (n = 146), emesis (n = 144) and pale, sweaty, cold skin (n = 119). According to the guidelines of the Centre for Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, induction of emesis in case of acute poisoning should be performed only after prior consultation with a doctor and if the poisoned person is conscious and cooperative. This claim was confirmed by 77.5 % of the respondents. Discussion and conclusion: Most respondents were aware of current guidelines for induced vomiting as a first aid measure for poisoning, but efforts should continue to be made to raise awareness among the general public about prevention, recognition, and first aid measures for poisoning, as it is a very complex public health problem.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, toxic substances, intoxication, first aid guidelines, chemical substances, toxic preparations, inducing vomiting