Položaj oškodovanca v slovenskem kazenskem postopku : doktorska disertacija

Hribar, Maša (author), Gorkič, Primož (mentor), Šugman Stubbs, Katja (member of the commission for defense), Hafner, Miha (member of the commission for defense), Mihelj Plesničar, Mojca (member of the commission for defense)

Doktorska disertacija preučuje vlogo oškodovanca v slovenskem kazenskem postopku. Osredotoča se predvsem na položaj »oškodovanca v ožjem smislu«, ki v kazenskem postopku sodeluje kot aktivni procesni subjekt poleg državnega tožilca, ki izvršuje funkcijo pregona po uradni dolžnosti. V ospredju raziskovanja, ki je umeščeno na področje kazenskega procesnega prava, je analiza oškodovančevih sodelovalnih pravic. Gre za vse tiste pravice, ki oškodovancu v kazenskem postopku omogočajo aktivno sodelovanje in s tem vplivanje na končni izid odločanja o obtožbi. Raziskovanje se dotika tudi podpornih pravic, ki oškodovancu zagotavljajo informiranost, pomoč in zaščito ter na ta način lajšajo njegovo izkušnjo znotraj (in zunaj) kazenskega postopka. Te pravice oškodovancu ne omogočajo neposrednega vplivanja na izid kazenskega postopka, vendar pa lahko po svoji naravi kljub temu posegajo v obdolženčev procesni položaj. Osrednji cilj doktorske disertacije je ugotoviti, kakšen je oškodovančev položaj v domačem kazenskem postopku. V ta namen je analizirana oškodovančeva vloga v zgodovinski, ustavnopravni, pozitivnopravni in primerjalnopravni dimenziji. Raziskava skuša ugotoviti, kako se je skozi čas spreminjalo razumevanje oškodovančeve vloge, kakšni so sodobni trendi v njenem razvoju in kakšen je oškodovančev položaj v veljavni pravni ureditvi kazenskega postopka po sprejemu novele Zakona o kazenskem postopku iz leta 2019 (ZKP-N). Pozitivnopravna analiza zajema oškodovančevo vlogo v rednem (klasičnem) kazenskem postopku, hkrati pa vključuje tudi preučevanje skrajšanih in poenostavljenih postopkov ter, obrobno, alternativnih načinov reševanja kazenskih zadev. Primerjalnopravna analiza je usmerjena v raziskovanje, kako je mogoče oškodovančev procesni položaj primerjati s položajem oškodovanih posameznikov v kazenskih postopkih Zvezne republike Nemčije, Republike Hrvaške in Kanade. Drugi cilj doktorske disertacije je ugotoviti, ali se zaradi okrepljene oškodovančeve vloge v našem pravnem prostoru spreminja tradicionalna koncepcija kazenskega postopka kot bipartitnega odnosa med državo in obdolžencem. Razprava naslavlja vprašanje, ali in kako se zaradi vključitve dodatnega procesnega subjekta v zasnovo domačega kazenskega postopka spreminja dinamika med glavnimi procesnimi subjekti. Hkrati so obravnavane tudi najbolj akutne dileme, s katerimi se sooča veljavna pravna ureditev, ter ponujeni konkretni predlogi za izboljšanje domačega kazenskega postopkovnika.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kazenski postopek, oškodovanec, žrtev kaznivega dejanja, sodelovanje v kazenskem postopku, novela ZKP-N, direktiva o pravicah žrtev kaznivih dejanj, učinkovita preiskava kršitev človekovih pravic, primerjalnopravna analiza
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Hribar]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: XVI, 367 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145548
• UDC: 343.122(497.4)(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 151686915
• Publication date in RUL: 21.04.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Role of an Injured Party in the Slovenian Criminal Procedure

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation examines the role of the injured party in the Slovenian criminal procedure. It focuses primarily on the position of the injured party in the narrow sense, as someone who participates in criminal proceedings as an active procedural subject alongside the state prosecutor, who performs the prosecutorial function ex officio. The focus of the research, which is placed in the field of criminal procedural law, is on the analysis of the participatory rights of the injured party. These are all of the rights that enable the injured party to participate actively in the criminal proceedings and thus to influence the final outcome of the decision on the charges. The research also touches upon the service rights that ensure that the injured party is informed, assisted, and protected, thus facilitating his/her experience inside (and outside) the criminal proceedings. These rights do not allow the injured party to directly influence the outcome of the criminal proceedings, but by their nature may nevertheless prejudice the defendant's procedural position. The main aim of the doctoral dissertation is to establish the position of the injured party in domestic criminal proceedings. To this end, the role of the injured party is analysed in historical, constitutional, positive and comparative law dimensions. The research seeks to establish how the understanding of the role of the injured party has changed over time, what the contemporary trends are in its development, and what the position is of the injured party in the current legal framework of criminal proceedings following the adoption of the amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act of 2019 (ZKP-N). The positive law analysis covers the role of the injured party in standard (traditional) criminal proceedings, but also includes an examination of summary and simplified procedures, and peripherally, alternative ways of resolving criminal cases. The comparative law analysis aims to explore how the injured party's procedural role compares with that of injured individuals in the criminal proceedings of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Croatia, and Canada. The secondary objective of the doctoral dissertation is to determine whether the traditional conception of criminal procedure as a bipartite relationship between the state and the accused is changing in our legal system as a result of the enhanced role of the injured party. The discussion addresses the question of whether and how the dynamics between the main procedural subjects are changing due to the inclusion of an additional procedural subject in the design of domestic criminal proceedings. At the same time, the most acute dilemmas facing the current legal order are addressed, and concrete proposals for improving the domestic criminal procedural code are offered.

• Keywords: criminal procedure, injured party, victim of crime, participation in criminal proceedings, amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act (ZKP-N), Victims’ Rights Directive, effective investigation of human rights violations, comparative law analysis