Intervencije zdravstvene nege pri obravnavi pacientov s predoziranjem prepovedanih drog v nujni medicinski pomoči : diplomsko delo

Oblak, Taja (author), Prestor, Jože (mentor), Sotler, Robert (reviewer)

Uvod: V zadnjih dveh desetletjih se v svetovnem merilu zaznava večanje trga prepovedanih drog in njegove kompleksnosti. Uporaba drog je pojav, ki povzroča vrsto negativnih posledic, saj ne prizadane le posameznika, temveč tudi dobrobit drugih; družine, ožje in širše skupnosti. Preveliki odmerki zaradi opioidov so v številnih državah Evropske unije eden glavnih vzrokov smrti med uporabniki prepovedanih drog. Namen: Predstaviti obravnavo pacientov s predoziranjem prepovedanih drog v nujni medicinski pomoči in uporabo zdravila naloksonijev klorid. Cilj: Ugotoviti, kako se v obravnavo ogroženega pacienta zaradi zlorabe nedovoljenih drog vključuje medicinska sestra. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Literaturo in vire smo iskali v obdobju objave od leta 2012 do leta 2022. Iskali smo v iskalnikih PubMed, Google učenjak in Science Direct, v bazi CINAHL with full text, na spletnih straneh Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje, Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije in v Mestni knjižnici Kranj. Rezultati: K pacientu s predoziranjem prepovedanih drog pristopamo po ABCDE pristopu, s katerim ugotavljamo pacientovo odzivnost, po potrebi sprostimo dihalno pot, preverimo pulz in dihanje ter pacienta pregledamo. Po potrebi izvajamo podporo dihanja. Prednostna naloga, ko pri pacientu ne zaznamo dihanja in pulza, je izvajanje temeljnih in dodatnih postopkov oživljanja. Pri predoziranju opioidov imamo na voljo antidot, naloksonijev klorid. Pri nekaterih pacientih je lahko potreben več kot en odmerek. Njegovo delovanje lahko povzroči odtegnitvene simptome. Razprava in zaključek: Pri predoziranju prepovedanih drog je zgodnje posredovanje ključnega pomena. Aplikacija naloksonijevega klorida ni najpomembnejši ukrep, temveč je najpomembnejša takojšnja podpora dihanja. Aplikacija lahko poteka sočasno. Po stabilizaciji pacienta odpeljemo v ustrezno zdravstveno ustanovo, kjer ostane na opazovanju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, odvisnost, zastrupitev, droge, nujna medicinska pomoč, nalokson
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Oblak]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 25 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145088
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 147808771
• Publication date in RUL: 05.04.2023

OBLAK, Taja, 2023, Intervencije zdravstvene nege pri obravnavi pacientov s predoziranjem prepovedanih drog v nujni medicinski pomoči : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : T. Oblak. [Accessed 25 March 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=145088

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Nursing interventions in the treatment of patients with drug overdose in emergency medical care : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In the last two decades, the drug market and its complexity have been increasing on a global scale. Drug use is a phenomenon that causes a series of negative consequences, as it affects not only the individual but also the well-being of others; families, immediate and wider communities. Opioid overdoses are one of the leading causes of death among illict drug users in many European Union countries. Purpose: To present the treatment of patients with an overdose of illict drugs in emergency medical care and the use of the drug naloxone chloride. Goals: To find out how a nurse is involved in the treatment of a patient at risk due to abuse of illict drugs. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work. We searched for literature and sources in the publication period from 2012 to 2022. We searched in the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct, in the CINAHL database with full text, on the websites of the National Institute of Public health, the World Health Organization and the City Library Kranj. Results: We approach the patient with an overdose of illict drugs using the ABCDE approach, where we determine the patient's responsiveness, release the airway if necessary, check the pulse and breathing and examine the patient. If necessary, we perform respiratory support. The priority when the patients is not breathing and has no pulse is to perform basic and additional resuscitation procedures. We have an antidote, naloxone hydrochloride, available in opioid overdoses. Some patients may require more than one dose. Its action may cause withdrawal symptoms. Discussion and conclusion: Early intervention is crucial in the overdose of illict drugs. The application of naloxone hydrochloride is not the most important measure. Respiratory support is crucial. The application of naloxone hydrochloride may run at the same time. After stabilizing the patient, we take him to a suitable medical facility, where he remains under observation.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, addiction, intoxication, drugs, emergency medical care, naloxone