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Detection of dissolved metal ions in Li-ion battery electrolytes
ID Paljk, Tina (Author), ID Dominko, Robert (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
The increasing world's dependence on batteries demands a more precise and consistent monitoring of the battery state in order to increase its quality, reliability, lifetime and safety (QRLS). Conventional monitoring of Li-ion battery performance is carried out by combining empirical measurement of the extrinsic parameters with multipart modelling and approximation algorithms. A step forward would be enabling more reliable built-in sensing systems that allow collecting direct information, such as a degree of material degradation. The sensing technologies should be designed in a way of monitoring the most detrimental process for the battery cell. Transition metal dissolution is one of the more severe degradation processes affecting the performance of the whole Li-ion battery cell. It can be accelerated through different mechanisms, and its monitoring has been a topic of several studies in recent decades. In the present work, we looked for an approach for detection of dissolved transition metal ions. The solution was found through a built-in electrochemical sensor with scavenger moieties. We demonstrated that manganese ion-imprinted polymer (Mn(II)-IIP) deposited between two electrodes printed directly on the separator can be used as a sensing layer. The resistance changes of this sensing layer due to the coordination of the ion-imprinted polymer with dissolved manganese ions are monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor’s electrodes and sensing layer remain stable within the voltage range of battery cycling over a longer application time. The sensor performance was validated in the single-layer pouch cell using Li|LiMn2O4 chemistry. The sensors printed on the separator do not significantly alter the current production technology and, most importantly, have a negligible impact on the cell energy density. The shown approach is universal and can eventually be extended to the detection of other degradation products in the electrolyte. Additionally, the use of the current printing technology permits large-scale commercialization. In summary, this work presented a simple solution for monitoring battery degradation via an electrochemical sensor integrated in the separator.

Language:English
Keywords:Li-ion battery, battery degradation, transition metal dissolution, manganese, sensor, printing technology, impedance spectroscopy
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-144987 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:147023875 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:28.03.2023
Views:716
Downloads:150
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Detekcija raztopljenih kovinskih ionov v elektrolitu Li-ionskega akumulatorja
Abstract:
Vse večja odvisnost sveta od akumulatorjev zahteva njihov natančnejši in doslednejši nadzor na ravni celic. Cilj je izboljšanje njihove kakovosti, zanesljivosti, življenjske dobe in varnosti (QRLS). Konvencionalno spremljanje delovanja Li-ionskih celic izvajamo s kombiniranjem empiričnega merjenja zunanjih parametrov z modeliranjem in algoritmi. V zadnjem času predstavlja pomemben napredek omogočanje vgrajevanja zanesljivejših senzorskih tehnologij, ki zbirajo neposredne informacije, kot na primer stopnja degradacije materiala. Senzorske tehnologije morajo biti zasnovane tako, da spremljajo najbolj škodljiv proces znotraj celice. Raztapljanje prehodnih kovin je eden resnejših degradacijskih procesov in vpliva na delovanje celotne celice Li-ionskega akumulatorja. Različni mehanizmi ga lahko pospešijo, spremljanje pojava pa je tema številnih raziskav zadnjih desetletjih. Tekom raziskovalnega dela smo iskali primeren pristop za detekcijo raztopljenih ionov prehodnih kovin. Rešitev, predstavljena v tej doktorski disertaciji je v obliki elektrokemijskega senzorja na osnovi polimera, ki preferenčno koordinira manganove ione (Mn(II)-IIP). Elektrokemijski senzor je pripravljen s tehnologijo tiskanja elektrod na separator. Med elektrodama je nanešen polimer, ki preferenčno veže manganove ione. Med vezavo se spremenijo fizikalno kemijske lastnosti, spremembe je možno zaznati z uporabo elektrokemijske impedančne spektroskopije. Senzor (tiskani elektrodi in zaznavna plast) je stabilen v napetostnem oknu uporabe akumulatorja. Učinkovitost senzorja je bila potrjena v laboratorijskem Li-ionskem akumulatorju, ki je bil sestavljen iz LiMn2O4 katode in kovinske litijeve anode. Senzorji, natisnjeni na separatorju, bistveno ne spreminjajo trenutne proizvodne tehnologije in, kar je najpomembneje, zanemarljivo vplivajo na energijsko gostoto celice. Prikazani pristop je univerzalen in ga je mogoče sčasoma razširiti tudi na detekcijo drugih produktov degradacije prisotnih v elektrolitu. Poleg tega uporaba trenutne tehnologije tiskanja omogoča obsežno komercializacijo. Če povzamemo, je to delo predstavilo preprosto rešitev za spremljanje degradacijskih procesov v akumulatorju s pomočjo elektrokemijskega senzorja, integriranega v separator.

Keywords:Li-ionski akumulator, degradacija, raztapljanje prehodnih kovin, mangan, senzor, tehnologija tiska, impedančna spektroskopija

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