The effect of vitamin D levels on the course of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients – a 1-year prospective cohort study [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Siuka, Darko (author), Saletinger, Rajko (author), Uršič, Jure (author), Jevnikar, Kristina (author), Janša, Rado (author), Štubljar, David (author), Osredkar, Joško (author)

Background: The aim of the current study was to assess the patients with COVID-19 and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the course of COVID-19. Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 between December 2020 and December 2021. Patients' demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analysed. Results: 301 participants were enrolled in the study. 46 (15,3%) had moderate, and 162 (53,8%) had severe COVID-19. 14 (4,7%) patients died, and 30 (10,0%) were admitted to the ICU due to disease worsening. The majority needed oxygen therapy (n=224; 74,4%). Average vitamin 25(OH)D3 levels were below optimal at the admittance, and vitamin D deficiency was detected in 205 individuals. More male patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency. Patients with the more severe disease showed lower levels of vitamin 25(OH)D3 in their blood. The most severe group of patients had more symptoms that lasted significantly longer with progressing disease severity. This group of patients also suffered from more deaths, ICU admissions, and treatments with dexamethasone, remdesivir, and oxygen. Conclusion: Patients with the severe course of COVID-19 were shown to have increased inflammatory parameters, increased mortality, and higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency. The results suggest that the vitamin D deficiency might represent a significant risk factor for a severe course of COVID-19.

• Language: English
• Keywords: vitamin D, COVID-19, severity, supplementation, dexamethasone, remdesivir
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy; MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 15 str.
• Numbering: art. 254, Vol. 12
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144741
• UDC: 577.161.2
• ISSN on article: 2046-1402
• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131730.1
• COBISS.SI-ID: 144681219
• Publication date in RUL: 10.03.2023

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: F1000Research
• Shortened title: F1000Research
• Publisher: F1000Research
• ISSN: 2046-1402
• COBISS.SI-ID: 31416537

Licences

• License: CC BY 2.0, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
• Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
• Description: You are free to reproduce and redistribute the material in any medium or format. You are free to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: resnost, dopolnjevanje, deksametazon, emdesivir, COVID-19, vitamin D