Global energy needs are growing because of rapid population growth and technological
development. Preventing the energy crisis has become one of the primary goals of the
twenty-first century. As a result, it is necessary to provide reliable, limitless, and
affordable energy. Renewable energy is showing promising results against the energy
crisis. Solar energy is, among many renewable sources, the best option for the future in
the long run in the battle against the energy crisis. The main reason is that it is the world’s
most accessible, is an inexhaustible source of energy and has no side effects on
ecosystems and living organisms. Currently, the global photovoltaic industry relies on
producing silicon solar cells, which is not justified economically. For this reason,
governments have invested many resources in other types of photovoltaics. As a result of
development, we have developed the third generation of solar cells. These also include
perovskite solar cells.
My thesis focused on optimising individual layers in perovskite solar cells. I characterized
every layer and the entire cell. Crystallization of the perovskite layer is crucial to get good
power conversion efficiency. In the thesis, I compared solar cells prepared in two similar
solvents: 2-propanol and hexafluoroisopropanol. The fluorine in the structure causes the
formation of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds change the course and rate of the reaction
from PbI2 to MAPbI3. I also compared perovskite solar cells prepared with HTM and a
gold electrode and cells without HTM and a carbon electrode.
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