Smeh in humor v Nietzschejevi, Bergsonovi in Deleuzovi filozofiji

Grasselli, Azarja (author), Dolar Bahovec, Eva (mentor)

Cilj diplomskega dela je osvetliti, kaj sta pomen in naloga smeha in humorja, ter si pri tem pomagati s filozofijo Friedricha Nietzscheja, Henrija Bergsona in Gillesa Deleuza. V uvodnem delu je navedena temeljna filozofska značilnost, ki si jo delijo vsi trije filozofi: prepletanje mišljenja, življenja z delom in filozofijo. Pri Nietzscheju in Bergsonu slednje predstavlja temelj komičnega. Deleuze pa na tem mestu deluje kot mediator med prvima dvema in v temeljni osnovi njun razlagalec. V jedru je na široko obravnavano Nietzschejevo in Bergsonovo pojmovanja smeha in humorja ter komičnega. Opisano je, kako je Nietzsche nastopil kot tisti, ki je izrazil vso kompleksnot smeha in njegove vpetosti v življenje, medtem ko je Bergson smeh obravnaval z bolj splošne plati, njegove tehnične značilnosti in vpliva na družbo. V obeh je mogoče uvideti, da ima smeh družbeno-kulturno in subjektivno življenjsko vlogo. V jedru je obenem naznačeno, da se je Deleuze Nietzschejevi in Bergsonovi poti pridružil kot navdušenec nad njuno filozofijo. Skušal je pojasniti in oživeti njuni imeni ter v tem primeru njun humor in smeh, slednje še posebej pri Nietzscheju. V zaključku so izpostavljene temeljne skupne značilnosti filozofov, še posebej Nietzscheja in Bergsona. Glavna ugotovitev je, da Nietzsche in Bergson delujeta kot popoln par, pri čemer Nietzsche obravnava ontološko plat smeha, Bergson pa tehnično. Diplomsko delo se zaključi z štirimi lastnimi ugotovitvami o smehu in komičnim, ki so neposredno povezane s filozofijo dveh filozofov 19. stoletja. Vse štiri ugotovitve bi lahko strnili v eno samo trditev: smeh nas uči humanizma. Obenem se v zaključku vprašam tudi, zakaj je bilo največ govora o smehu ravno v 19. stoletju, in izkaže se, da je razlog za to ravno temeljita sprememba človekovega življenja zaradi prepletanja človekovega življenja z novimi načini mišljenja v filozofiji, umetnosti in znanosti. Slednje nas zopet privede na našo prvotno tezo diplomskega dela, da je temelj komičnega venomer nekakšna odtegnitev življenjskega toka oz. prepletanje med življenjem in mišljenjem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Humor, smeh, Nietzsche, Bergson, Deleuze.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144320
• COBISS.SI-ID: 152686083
• Publication date in RUL: 14.02.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Laughter and Humor in the Philosophy of Nietzsche, Bergson and Deleuze

Abstract

The aim of the thesis is to shed light on the meaning and function of laughter and humor with using the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze. In the introductory part, a fundamental philosophical characteristic shared by all three philosophers is stated: the interweaving of thinking, life with work and philosophy. In Nietzsche and Bergson, the latter represents the foundation of the comic. Deleuze, however, acts as a mediator between the first two and fundamentally explains their philosophies. In the core, Nietzsche's and Bergson's conceptions of laughter and humor and the comic are widely discussed. It is described how Nietzsche appeared as the one who expressed all the complexity of laughter and its involvement in life, while Bergson dealt with laughter from a more general aspect, its technical characteristics and its impact on society. In both, it is possible to see that laughter has a socio-cultural and subjective role in life. At the same time, it is indicated in the core that Deleuze joined Nietzsche's and Bergson's path as an enthusiast of their philosophy. He tried to explain and revive their names and in this case their humour and laughter, the latter especially in Nietzsche, in his works »Nietzsche« and »Nietzsche and Philosophy«. In the conclusion, the fundamental common characteristics of philosophers, especially Nietzsche and Bergson, are highlighted. The main finding is that Nietzsche and Bergson work as a perfect pair, with Nietzsche addressing the ontological side of laughter and Bergson the technical. The thesis concludes with my own four observations about laughter and the comic, which directly relate the philosophy of two 19th century philosophers. All my four findings can be summed up in a single statement: laughter teaches us humanism. At the same time, I also wonder why laughter was the most talked about in the 19th century, and it turns out that the reason for this is precisely the fundamental change in human life due to the interweaving of human life with new ways of thinking, philosophy, art and science. The latter brings us back to our original thesis of this work, that the basis of the comic is always a kind of detachment from the flow of life, or better, the interweaving of life and thought.

• Keywords: Laughter, Humour, Nietzsche, Bergson, Deleuze.