Biochemical characterization of black and green mutant elderberry during fruit ripening

Mikulič Petkovšek, Maja (author), Ivančič, Anton (author), Gačnik, Saša (author), Veberič, Robert (author), Hudina, Metka (author), Marinovic, Silvija (author), Molitor, Christian (author), Halbwirth, Heidi (author)

The content of sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and selected enzyme activities in the anthocyanin pathway were analyzed in NIGRA (Sambucus nigra var. nigra—black fruits) and VIRIDIS (S. nigra var. viridis—green fruits) fruits over four stages of ripening. The share of glucose and fructose in green fruits was higher than in colored fruits, and the sugar content increased significantly until the third developmental stage. Ripe NIGRA berries had 47% flavonol glycosides, 34% anthocyanins, 3% hydroxycinnamic acids and 14% flavanols, whereas the major phenolic group in the VIRIDIS fruits, making up 88% of the total analyzed polyphenols, was flavonols. NIGRA fruits were rich in anthocyanins (6020 [mi]g g$^{-1}$ FW), showing strong activation of the late anthocyanin pathway (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase). In both color types, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase/chalcone isomerase activities were highest in the first stage and decreased during ripening. In VIRIDIS fruit, no anthocyanins and only one flavanol (procyanidin dimer) were found. This was most likely caused by a lack of induction of the late anthocyanin pathway in the last period of fruit ripening. The VIRIDIS genotype may be useful in studying the regulatory structures of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the contribution of distinct flavonoid classes to the health benefits of elderberries.

• Language: English
• Keywords: black elderberry, Sambucus nigra, green genotype, polyphenolics, sugars, organic acids, phenylpropanoid enzymes
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 16 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 12, iss. 3, art. 504
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144108
• UDC: 634.1/.7
• ISSN on article: 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/ plants12030504
• COBISS.SI-ID: 140263683
• Publication date in RUL: 01.02.2023

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Plants
• Shortened title: Plants
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2223-7747
• COBISS.SI-ID: 523345433

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: črni bezeg, zeleni genotip, polifenoli, sladkorji, organske kisline, fenilpropanoidni encimi