Introduction: The standing unipedal heel-raise test is a functional test used to assess plantar flexor endurance. It is easy to perform, requires little time and no special equipment. Although it is widely used in clinical practise, its measurement properties are limited and test procedures are inconsistent. Purpose: To summarise and analyse research findings on the measurement properties of the standing unipedal heel-raise test for assessing plantar flexor endurance and provide instructions for standardising its performance. Methods: PubMed and CINAHL databases were used for the literature search. We reviewed studies published up to December 2021 that examined the measurement properties of the standing unipedal heel-raise test in healthy people and people with musculoskeletal disorders. Results: 13 studies were included. They examined 328 healthy people (46 older adults) and 163 people with musculoskeletal disorders. 12 studies assessed reliability, one study assessed validity, two studies assessed correlation with gender, age, and fitness level, and seven studies assessed ability to detect change. Results showed that the unipedal heel-raise test has moderate to excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.570.99), and excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.960.99) in healthy people. It has a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.51) with fast walking speed in older female adults. Gender, age, and fitness level affect the results of the test. The standard error of measurement in healthy people ranges from 0.3 to 8 raises. In people with musculoskeletal disorders, the test has good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.790.92). Conclusion: The standing unipedal heel-raise test is a reliable tool for assessing plantar flexor endurance in healthy people and people with musculoskeletal disorders. However, studies on its validity are scarce. Further studies are needed, especially in people with musculoskeletal disorders.
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