Ozaveščenost o diastazi preme trebušne mišice med nosečnicami in njeni obravnavi med nosečnostjo in po porodu : diplomsko delo

Gaser, Ana (author), Šćepanović, Darija (mentor), Hlebš, Sonja (reviewer)

Uvod: Prekomeren razmik premih trebušnih mišic vzdolž bele črte imenujemo diastaza recti abdominis (DRA). DRA se najpogosteje pojavi pri ženskah v času nosečnosti in po porodu. Normalen je vsak razmik, brez izbočenosti/grebena nad, pod ali v predelu popka, manjši od 2,5 cm. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti ozaveščenost nosečnic o DRA ter njeni obravnavi med nosečnostjo in po porodu. Metode dela: V prvem delu diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela, ki je bila pridobljena s kritičnim pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature o DRA. V drugem delu diplomskega dela je bila izvedena kvantitativna raziskava. Podatki za raziskavo so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo anonimnega spletnega anketnega vprašalnika. Anketni vprašalnik je imel 33 vprašanj zaprtega in polodprtega tipa. Vprašalnik je bil objavljen na portalu EnKlik Anketa. Rezultati: Od 241 nosečnic, ki so v celoti izpolnile vprašalnik, jih je 91 % že slišalo za DRA. Največ nosečnic (24 %) je informacije o DRA pridobilo s pomočjo socialnih omrežji. Veliki večini nosečnic (59 %) v času nosečnosti nihče ni preveril DRA. Prav tako je le petina nosečnic vedela, da imajo možnost fizioterapevtske obravnave v primeru odkrite DRA v nosečnosti in/ali po porodu. Polovica nosečnic je bila zmerno telesno dejavnih vsaj 3-krat na teden, le malo pa jih je v svojo telesno dejavnost redno vključevalo vaje za mišico transversus abdominis (9 %) in mišice medeničnega dna (19 %). Mann-Whitneyev U test ni pokazal statistično značilnih razlik v znanju o DRA med nosečnicami z zdravstveno izobrazbo in brez nje (p = 0,07) ter med nosečnicami, ki so prvič noseče in tistimi, ki so bile že večkrat noseče (p = 0,1). S hi-kvadrat testom smo ugotovili statistično značilno razliko v telesni vadbi med nosečnicami, ki so prvič noseče in med tistimi, ki so bile noseče že večkrat (p = 0,01). Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati naše raziskave so pokazali, da je velika večina nosečnic že slišala za DRA, vendar je zelo malo nosečnic informacije pridobilo od usposobljenih zdravstvenih delavcev. Čeprav je DRA zelo pogost pojav v nosečnosti in po porodu, se DRA še vedno le redko preveri. Redkokatera nosečnica v naši raziskavi je vedela, da ima v primeru težav z DRA možnost fizioterapevtske obravnave. Na DRA bi morali dati večji poudarek v preventivnem zdravstvenem varstvu nosečnic.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, diastaza recti abdominis, nosečnice, mišica transversus abdominis, ozaveščenost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Gaser]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 39 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-143590
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 136911363
• Publication date in RUL: 29.12.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Awareness of diastasis recti abdominis during pregnant women and its treatment during pregnancy and after childbirth : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Excessive separation of the abdominal muscles along the linea alba is called diastasis recti abdominis (DRA). DRA most often occurs in women during pregnancy and after childbirth. Any gap, no bulge/ridge above, below or in the navel area of less than 2.5 cm is normal. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to determine the awareness of pregnant women about DRA and its treatment during pregnancy and after childbirth. Methods: In the first part of the thesis, a descriptive work method was used, which was obtained through a critical review of scientific and professional literature about DRA. In the second part of the thesis, quantitative research was carried out. The data for the research were obtained with the help of an anonymous online survey. The questionnaire had 33 closed and semi-open questions. The questionnaire was published on the EnKlik Survey portal. Results: Out of 241 pregnant women, who completely filled out the questionnaire, 91 % had already heard of DRA. Most pregnant women (24 %) obtained information about DRA with the help of social networks. The occurrence of DRA during pregnancy was not checked with the majority of pregnant women (59 %) and only one fifth of pregnant women knew that they have the option of physiotherapeutic treatment in case of discovered DRA during pregnancy and/or after childbirth. One half of pregnant women were moderately physically active at least 3 times a week, but only a few of them regularly included exercises for the transversus abdominis muscles (9%) and pelvic floor muscles training (19%) in their physical activity. The Mann-Whitney U test did not show a statistically significant difference in knowledge about DRA between pregnant women with and without medical education (p=0.07), and between pregnant women who were pregnant for the first time and those who had been pregnant several times (p= 0.1). Using the Chi-square test, we found a statistically significant difference in activity that is physical exercising - comparing women who are pregnant for the first time to those who have been pregnant several times (p=0.01). Discussion and conclusion: The results of our survey showed that the vast majority of pregnant women had heard of DRA, but very few pregnant women obtained information from qualified health professionals. Although DRA is a very common occurrence in pregnancy and postpartum, DRA is still rarely checked. Pregnant women in our study rarely knew that in case of problems with DRA, they have the option of physiotherapy treatment. DRA should be given greater emphasis in the preventive health care of pregnant women.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, diastasis recti abdominis, pregnant women, transversus abdominis muscle, awareness