Usvojenost gibalnih spretnosti obvladovanja predmetov učencev in učenk od 1. do 5. razreda osnovne šole s sklopom merskih nalog TGMD-3 : magistrsko delo

Pavlič, Nina (author), Kovač, Marjeta (mentor), Marinšek, Miha (comentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je predstaviti razlike v usvojenosti spretnosti z žogo slovenskih otrok. V raziskavo smo vključili 332 otrok (52 % deklic in 48 % dečkov), ki so v šolskem letu 2021/22 obiskovali 1. do 5. razred osnovne šole. Uporabili smo sklop merskih nalog TGMD-3 (Test of Gross Motor Development). Izvedbo nalog smo posneli, trije posebej usposobljeni ocenjevalci pa so s pomočjo določenih kazalnikov ocenili dve otrokovi izvedbi vsake spretnosti. Podatke smo analizirali s pomočjo deskriptivne in inferenčne statistike. Pri primerjavi doseženih točk vseh trinajstih nalog, vključenih v TGMD-3, smo ugotovili, da je izvedba nalog večine otrok v povprečju in da so dečki bolje izvajali naloge z žogo, deklice pa lokomotorne naloge. Nato smo se osredotočili na sedem merskih nalog, ki ocenjujejo usvojenost gibalnih spretnosti z žogo. Izvedba vodenja žoge na mestu, lovljenja žoge in udarca žoge z nogo je glede na starost v vsakem nadaljnjem razredu konsistentno boljša. Manj konsistentne razlike, ki so hkrati pod pričakovanji, pa smo ugotovili v izvedbi udarcev žoge s kijem in loparjem ter metu žogice z eno roko nad glavo in od spodaj. Večino spretnosti z žogo dečki bolje obvladajo kot deklice. Največ težav otrokom povzroča usklajevanje gibanja telesa (gibanje noge z ostalimi gibi telesa) in žoge. Med tretješolci jih 75 % usvoji polovico nalog, med petošolci pa kar 95 %. Najslabše usvojene spretnosti so udarec žoge s kijem in loparjem, udarec z nogo in met nad glavo. Večina gibalnih nalog TGMD-3 so primerne za preverjanje usvojenosti gibalnih spretnosti v slovenskem šolskem sistemu, saj so te vsebine vključene v učni načrt za športno vzgojo. Pri načrtovanju in izvedbi pouka športne vzgoje predlagamo, da učitelji namenijo posebno pozornost gibalnim spretnostim, ki jih otroci slabše obvladajo, še posebej tistim gibanjem, kjer je treba uskladiti delo telesa z gibanjem žoge. Prav tako predlagamo, da z dodatnimi spodbudami intenzivneje vključimo deklice v vadbo spretnosti z žogo oz. jim ponudimo različne igre z žogo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gibalni razvoj, gibanja z žogo, osnovnošolci, razredna stopnja, spol
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-143212
• COBISS.SI-ID: 139047171
• Publication date in RUL: 08.12.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Acquisition of the movement skills of mastering subjects by pupils from the 1st to 5th grades of primary school with the set of measurement tasks TGMD-3

Abstract

This master's thesis is designed to analyse the differences in performing ball skills by Slovenian children. The participants, 332 pupils (52 % girls and 48 % boys) who attended the 1st to 5th grade of an elementary school in the 2021/22 school year, were included in the research. Measurement tasks of the TGMD-3 (Test of Gross Motor Development) were used. The execution of the tasks were recorded, and three specially trained evaluators assessed two executions of each skill with the help of determined indicators. We analyzed the data using descriptive and inferential statistics. In a general, the achieved points of all thirteen tasks including in TGMD-3 setwere shown, that the most children performances were average. Boys performed better ball tasks, while girls performed locomotor tasks better. Then we focused on seven tasks that assess the ball skills. We found that the performance of dribbling, catching, and kicking was consistently better in each class. Less consistent differences, which were at the same time below expectations, were found in the performance of hitting the ball with a stick and a racket and throwing the ball with one hand above the head and from below. Boys are better at most ball skills than girls. Coordination of body movement (leg movement with other body movements) and the ball causes the most problems for children. Among third-graders, 75 % master half of the tasks, and among fifth-graders as much as 95 %. The worst adopted tasks are hitting the ball with a club and a racket, kicking with the foot, and throwing overhead. Majority of movement tasks of TGMD-3 are suitable for assessing the acquisition of movement skills in the Slovenian school system, as these contents are included in the curriculum for physical education. When planning and executing of physical education lessons, we suggest that teachers pay more attention to the movement skills that children are less able to master, especially those movements where the work of the body must be coordinated with the movement of the ball. We also suggest that, additional incentives, we involve girls more intensively in practicing ball skills or we offer them various ball games.

• Keywords: movement development, skills with the ball, pupils, elementary grade level, gender