Razvoj planinskega smrekovega gozda v dolini Lopučnice v obdobju 1983-2022

Puhek, Aida (author), Nagel, Thomas Andrew (mentor), Poljanec, Aleš (co-mentor)

Planinski smrekov gozd v dolini Lopučnice se nahaja v Triglavskem narodnem parku in je del gozdnega rezervata Savica-Ukanc. Po leta 1883 opuščenemu gospodarjenju je prepuščen naravnemu razvoju. V dolini Lopučnice smo po 39 letih od prve meritve (Cvenkel in Mlinšek, 1983) in 24 letih od druge meritve (Poljanec, 1998) ponovili meritve na trajni raziskovalni ploskvi, ki jo je Cvenkel leta 1983 postavil kot del raziskav gozdnih rezervatov v Sloveniji. Namen naloge je bil predstaviti spremembe v zgradbi in razvoju planinskega smrekovega gozda v obdobju 1983–2022. Raziskovali smo spreminjanje velikosti vrasti in smrtnosti v obdobjih 1983–1998 in 1998–2022. Drevesna sestava je v proučevanem obdobju ostala nespremenjena. Osnovni kazalci sestoja za leto 2022 so imeli naslednje vrednosti: N = 388 dreves/ha, G = 57,60 m2/ha, V = 675 m3/ha. Skupna letna smrtnost se je v obdobju med letoma 1983 in 1998 iz 1,3 %/leto povišala na 1,5 %/leto za obdobje med letoma 1998 in 2022. Letne stopnje smrtnosti za obe opazovani obdobji so imele podoben vzorec, pri čemer so bile najvišje vrednosti v prvem debelinskem razredu. Skupna letna vrast 0,06 %/leto v obdobju med letoma 1983–2022 se je znižala na 0,04 %/leto v obdobju med letoma 1998–2022. Stopnja preraščanja med debelinskimi razredi za oba proučevana obdobja je bila najvišja v četrtem debelinskem razredu, najmanjša pa v prvem debelinskem razredu. V opazovanem obdobju (1983–2022) je prišlo do upada števila dreves, neznačilnih sprememb vrednosti temeljnice in manjše spremembe v lesni zalogi. Ta vzorec potrjuje, da se gozd še vedno nahaja v optimalni fazi, vendar je primerjava porazdelitve dreves po debelinskih razredih pokazala na postopno staranje sestoja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: planinski smrekov gozd, razvoj gozda, demografija dreves, dolina Lopučnice
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Puhek]
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-142804
• UDC: 630*2+630*9(497.4Lopučnice)(043.2)=163.6
• COBISS.SI-ID: 131193859
• Publication date in RUL: 27.11.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Development of mountain spruce forest in Lopučnica Valley from 1983-2022

Abstract

The mountain spruce forest in the Lopučnica valley is located in Triglav National Park and is part of the Savica-Ukanc forest reserve. After abandoning managment since 1883, it has been left to natural development. After 39 years since the first measurement (Cvenkel and Mlinšek, 1983) and 24 years since the second measurement (Poljanec, 1998) we repeated the measurements on a permanent research plot in the Lopučnica valley, which was established by Cvenkel in 1983 as part of research on forest reserves in Slovenia. The purpose of the thesis is to present the changes in the structure and development of the mountain spruce forest in the period 1983-2022. We quantified mortality and recruitment rates in two periods: 1983–1998 and 1998–2022. The tree composition remained unchanged during the observed period. The basic stand indicators for 2022 had the following values: N = 388 trees/ha, G = 57.60 m2/ha, V = 675 m3/ha. The annual mortality rate increased from 1,3 % in 1983–1998 to 1,5 % in 1998–2022. The annual mortality rates for both observed periods had a similar pattern, with the highest values in the smaller diameter classes. The annual recruitment rate decreased from 0,06 % in 1983–1998 to 0,04 % in 1998–2022. Annual recruitment rates for both studied periods were highest in the larger diameter classes, and the lowest in the smaller diameter classes. During the observed period (1983–2022), there was a decline in the number of trees, uncharacteristic changes in the basal area and smaller changes in tree volume. This pattern confirms that the forest is still in an optimal phase, but a comparison of the diameter classes revealed a gradual aging of the stand.

• Keywords: mountain spruce forest, forest development, tree demography, Lopučnica valley