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Ocena ogroženosti za padce in model fizioterapevtske obravnave v lokalni skupnosti, za preprečevanje padcev doma živečih, starejših prebivalcev Slovenije : magistrsko delo
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Knific, Tjaša
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),
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Rugelj, Darja
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Kacin, Alan
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Abstract
Uvod: Padci starejših odraslih so pomemben javnozdravstveni in socialno-ekonomski problem. Največkrat nastanejo zaradi interakcije različnih dejavnikov tveganja. S starostjo tveganje za padce narašča zaradi številnih dejavnikov tveganja, ki so posledica naravnega procesa staranja, kroničnih in akutnih obolenj. Telesna dejavnost ima pomemben vpliv na upočasnitev degenerativnih procesov staranja in plastičnost živčno mišičnega sistema. Fizioterapevti imajo pomembno vlogo pri učenju kompenzatornih strategij in rehabilitaciji po padcih. Namen: V raziskavi smo želeli ovrednotiti stanje ogroženosti za padce na vzorcu doma živečih, starejših Slovencev in predlagati ekonomsko vzdržno, izvedljivo in na dokazih temelječo fizioterapevtsko obravnavo za preprečevanje padcev doma živečih starejših, v lokalni skupnosti. Metode dela: Izvedli smo retrospektivno presečno raziskavo. V analizo smo vključili 5612 doma živečih starejših (starost 79,6 ± 7,6). Preiskovanci so bili v okviru preventivne obravnave starejše osebe na domu ocenjeni za dejavnike tveganja za padce v domačem okolju z vprašalnikom in funkcijskim TUG testom. Rezultati: V povprečju so preiskovanci padli 0,6 krat letno (± 0,03). TUG test so v povprečju izvedli v 21,7 sekunde (± 0,6). Povprečni rezultat vprašalnika je 5,5 točke (± 0,1). Na podlagi rezultatov lahko sklepamo, da ni statistično značilnih razlik v povprečnem številu padcev med vzhodno in zahodno regijo Slovenije (p = 0,213). Osebe z več prisotnimi dejavniki tveganja (? = 0,453; p < 0.001), osebe ki si pri vstajanju s stola pomagajo z rokami (p < 0,001) in osebe, ki imajo težave pri stopanju na robnik (p < 0,001) padajo pogosteje. Strah pred padcem je statistično značilno povezan z občutkom nestabilnosti pri hoji (p < 0,001). Pozitivno povezani sta stopnja tveganja za padec in hitrost izvedbe TUG testa (? = 0,262; p < 0,001). Osebe z občutkom nestabilnosti in uporabo opore pri hoji TUG test v povprečju opravijo v času, ki je večji od 12 sekund (p < 0,001). Osebe z več točkami na vprašalniku v povprečju TUG test opravljajo dlje (? = 0,335; p < 0,001). Razprava in sklep: Na podlagi ugotovljene medsebojne povezanosti dejavnikov tveganja za padce smo predlagali model fizioterapevtske obravnave, doma živečih starejših, ki se bo izvajala v lokalni skupnosti. Pri snovanju smo upoštevali dolgoročno izvedljivost obravnave.
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
magistrska dela
,
fizioterapija
,
padci
,
ocena dejavnikov tveganja
,
doma živeči starejši
,
korelacija
,
fizioterapevtska obravnava padcev
Work type:
Master's thesis/paper
Typology:
2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:
ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
Place of publishing:
Ljubljana
Publisher:
[T. Knific]
Year:
2022
Number of pages:
56 str.
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-142736
UDC:
615.8
COBISS.SI-ID:
130569731
Publication date in RUL:
23.11.2022
Views:
802
Downloads:
146
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Secondary language
Language:
English
Title:
Fall risk assessment and model of physiotherapeutic fall prevention intervention in local community, for home dwelling, elderly population of Slovenia : master thesis
Abstract:
Background: Falls in the older population are a considerable public health and socio-economic problem. Physical activity has an important role to play in delaying degenerative ageing processes and preserving the neuromuscular system’s plasticity. Physiotherapists have crucial part in teaching the appropriate compensatory strategies during rehabilitation, following falls. Purpose: The aim was to assess risk levels for falls in home-dwelling older Slovenian adults and to design an economically sustainable, feasible and evidence-based physiotherapy treatment to prevent older adults from falling. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was employed. Sample contained 5612 home dwelling older adults (age 79.6 ± 7.6). A questionnaire and the TUG test were used to assess the participants’ risk factors, concerning falls in their home environment, which were administered by preventive home care. Results: The participants reported 0.6 falls per year (± 0.03). The average time for completing the TUG test was 21.7 s (± 0.6). The questionnaire results show the average risk of falling amounts to 5.5 points (± 0.1). These results allow the conclusion that no statistically significant differences exist between the Eastern and Western regions of Slovenia with regard to the number of falls (p = 0.213). Falls are more frequent in persons who have more risk factors (ρ = 0.453; p < 0.001); those who must use their hands while standing up from a sitting position (p < 0.001), and those with difficulties in stepping off a kerb (p < 0.001). The fear of falling is statistically significantly correlated with the feeling of insecurity while walking (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was established between the risk for fall and the time of performing the TUG test (ρ = 0.262; p < 0.001). Participants with an elevated total score for the questionnaire items need a longer time to complete the TUG test (ρ = 0.335; p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusion: Building on the established correlations among the risk factors for falls, a model of physiotherapy treatment of home-dwelling older adults is proposed, which would be performed in the local community. The possibility of a sustainable treatment is being considered.
Keywords:
master's theses
,
physiotherapy
,
falls
,
risk assessment
,
home-dwelling older adults
,
correlation
,
physiotherapy treatment of falls
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