Biotehnološka proizvodnja karotenoidov in njihova uporaba

Zobec, Lenard (author), Jamnik, Polona (mentor)

V diplomskem delu je predstavljena biotehnološka proizvodnja karotenoidov in njihova možna aplikacija. Karotenoide ločimo glede na kemijsko strukturo na karotene in ksantofile. Lahko so sintetizirani v času normalne celične rasti (primarni karotenoidi) ali kot posledica neustreznih rastnih pogojev (sekundarni karotenoidi). V celici imajo zaščitno funkcijo (absorbirajo svetlobo, zadržujejo presežek energije med fotosintezo) in antioksidativno funkcijo (nevtralizacija prostih radikalov, preprečevanje oksidacije lipidov). Diplomsko delo je osredotočeno na mikroalge, ker nudijo nove možnosti in izzive ter se vedno več uporabljajo za pridobivanje pomembnih in uporabnih snovi. Obstajata dva načina kultivacije mikroalg: odprti in zaprti sistemi. V diplomskem delu je na kratko opisana tudi biosinteza karotenoidov ter načini povečanja biosinteze. Navedene in opisane so različne stopnje zaključnih procesov (ločevanje, sušenje, liza celic, ekstrakcija, čiščenje, obstojnost) in katere metode se lahko uporabljajo v ta namen. Karotenoide lahko uporabljamo v živilski industriji in v pripravi krme zaradi barvnih in prehranskih lastnosti oziroma kot aditive. Uporabljajo se tudi kot naravna barvila v kozmetiki in v farmacevtski industriji. Med novejše aplikacije sodi tudi vgrajevanje karotenoidov v polimerne produkte.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biotehnološka proizvodnja, barvila, karotenoidi, mikroalge, antioksidanti, aditivi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Zobec]
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-142696
• UDC: 602.4:604.4:547.979.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 130189827
• Publication date in RUL: 20.11.2022

ZOBEC, Lenard, 2022, Biotehnološka proizvodnja karotenoidov in njihova uporaba [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : L. Zobec. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=142696

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Biotechnological production of carotenoids and their use

Abstract

The diploma thesis presents the biotechnological production of carotenoids and their possible application. Carotenoids are divided into two groups according to their chemical structure, namely carotenes and xanthophylls. They can be synthesized during normal cell growth (primary carotenoids) or due to inadequate growth conditions (secondary carotenoids). They have a protective function in the cell (they absorb light, retain excess energy during photosynthesis) and an antioxidant function (neutralization of free radicals, prevention of lipid oxidation). The thesis focuses on microalgae because they offer new opportunities and challenges and are increasingly used to obtain important and useful substances. There are two ways to cultivate microalgae, namely as an open and closed system. The diploma thesis also briefly describes the biosynthesis of carotenoids and ways to increase biosynthesis. Different stages of the downstream processes (separation, drying, cell lysis, extraction, purification, persistence) and the methods used for this purpose are listed and described. Carotenoids can be used in the food industry and in the preparation of feed due to their colour and nutritional properties or as additives. They are also used as natural dyes in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Recent applications include the incorporation of carotenoids into polymer products.

• Keywords: biotechnological production, dyes, carotenoids, microalgae, antioxidants, additives